• Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (eyes)
o Increase lutein (carotenoid found in vit A) foods - kale, spinach, collards, mustard greens
o Increase antioxidants, vit E & B12
• Anorexia nervosa
o Weight pt. DAILY
...
• Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (eyes)
o Increase lutein (carotenoid found in vit A) foods - kale, spinach, collards, mustard greens
o Increase antioxidants, vit E & B12
• Anorexia nervosa
o Weight pt. DAILY @ the same time
o Stay w/ pt. during and 1hr after meal (prevent vomit)
o RN sched meals
o Privileges based on direct wt. gain
• Atorvastatin
o Lipitor (tx high cholesterol)
o Okay to take w/ OJ, coffee, milk
o Contraindicated w/ grapefruit juice (clinical signs (cx) increased serum level)
• Braden scale
o Very poor (1) very poor nutrition
o Probably inadequate (2) ½ meals & sometimes sup
o Adequate (3) >1/2 & refuses sometimes
o Excellent (4) eats q meal & between meals
• Breast feeding
o No water f/ baby ONLY milk
o No sup formula d/t nipple confusion
o Feed on demand x8-12/day
o x5min feed on each breast 1st day after birth
o breast milk is all that is needed f/ 1st 6mo (nutritionally complete)
o no cow's milk until 1yr
o cottage cheese is a complete protein, eat when lactating
o incomplete proteins - legumes, peanut butter, & whole grain cereal
o storage - discard after feeding (cannot refreeze/use), store f/ 6-12mo, do not thaw in microwave
• Bronchitis
o Enteral feeding - high protein, fat, & calorie; low carbs (breakdown prod CO2)
• Calcium
o Almonds highest
o Yogurt 315mg
o Cheese 214mg
o Egg 25mg
o Spinach 122mg
ATI NUTRITION EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST
UPDATE
• Cancer
o Sensitivity to odor ∴ decrease aromatic foods to decrease NV
o Avoid hot foods d/t odor
o Small, frequent meals q2hr
o Increase citrus food, pickles, & mouth wash to produce more saliva to decrease metallic taste
o Increase calcium & protein but not TOO high cal (cx cancer)
o Eat 2.5 cups fruit to maintain wt.
o Exercise >150min/wk.
o Limit alcohol male (2) & female (1)/day
o Use plastic utensils (decrease metallic taste)
o Inc fluid & tart f/ taste
o Prevention - 4-5 servings (2.5 cups) fruits & veggies/day; limit alcohol; increase whole grain not
refined; limit processed meats d/t increased sodium level; increase lean cuts w/out skin
• Captopril
o Limit potassium rich foods (cantaloupe)
• Carbohydrate
o Starchy vs non-starchy veggies
o 3-5 carbs/meal (45g)
o portion size effects carbs
o carb not r/t calorie amt
• Cardiovascular
o Increase K to decrease risk HTN
o Increase fiber to decrease cholesterol
o Decrease trans fats
o x2> fatty fish/wk. to decrease HTN
o Limit alcohol & sodium
• Celiac
o No gluten (wheat, barley, rye)
• Child
o Decrease choke ∴ peanut butter & celery, whole grapes, pretzels
o <2y/o whole milk
o >2y/o low fat milk
• Crohn's Disease
o Decrease fiber, lactose, fructose
o Eat eggs (easily digest & high protein)
• Cirrhosis + ascites
o Limit sodium intake 2000mg / 2g
o Limit fluids to 1.5L
o 0.8-1.2g/kg protein prevent malnutrition
o consume vit K d/t decrease prothrombin prod by liver ∴ @ risk clots
• Cleft lip
o Feed upright
o Nipple to side of mouth to prevent enter nasal passage
• Colostomy
o Clinical signs (cx) loose stool ∴ thicken w/ pectin
o return regular diet 6 wk. post op
o fiber w/ cx obstruction
• Constipation
o Increase calcium decrease peristalsis
• COPD
o 6 small meals/day
o drinks w/ increase protein/cal between meal
o add gravy/sauce to prevent dry mouth
o soft diet will decrease SOB w/ chew
• DASH diet
o Dec Na to 135-145mEq/L
o Glucose 70-110mg/dL
o Total cholesterol <200mg/dL
• Dehydration
o Continue infusion enteral feeding to prevent high carb load w/ each IM feed
• Diabetes mellitus
o Goal HgbA1c <7% - shows avg glucose level over past few mo ∴ >7% = not follow diet & avg high sugar
level
• Dumping syndrome
o avoid liquid during meals to slow movement
o Complex carbs better than simple
o associate w/ fat or protein content of food
o Lie down after eating to slow food movement via GI
o Dec fiber to slow gastric emptying
• Dysphagia
o Palpate throat & chin during swallow
o High fowler 90 degrees
o Assess food pockets
o Allow rest b4 meal
o Do not hyper extend neck
o Neck to chest to pv aspiration
o S/s - painful swallow, chang
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