ATI NUTRITION EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE

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• Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (eyes) o Increase lutein (carotenoid found in vit A) foods - kale, spinach, collards, mustard greens o Increase antioxidants, vit E & B12 • Anorexia ner... vosa o Weight pt. DAILY @ the same time o Stay w/ pt. during and 1hr after meal (prevent vomit) o RN sched meals o Privileges based on direct wt. gain • Atorvastatin o Lipitor (tx high cholesterol) o Okay to take w/ OJ, coffee, milk o Contraindicated w/ grapefruit juice (clinical signs (cx) increased serum level) • Braden scale o Very poor (1) very poor nutrition o Probably inadequate (2) ½ meals & sometimes sup o Adequate (3) >1/2 & refuses sometimes o Excellent (4) eats q meal & between meals • Breast feeding o No water f/ baby ONLY milk o No sup formula d/t nipple confusion o Feed on demand x8-12/day o x5min feed on each breast 1st day after birth o breast milk is all that is needed f/ 1st 6mo (nutritionally complete) o no cow's milk until 1yr o cottage cheese is a complete protein, eat when lactating o incomplete proteins - legumes, peanut butter, & whole grain cereal o storage - discard after feeding (cannot refreeze/use), store f/ 6-12mo, do not thaw in microwave • Bronchitis o Enteral feeding - high protein, fat, & calorie; low carbs (breakdown prod CO2) • Calcium o Almonds highest o Yogurt 315mg o Cheese 214mg o Egg 25mg o Spinach 122mg ATI NUTRITION EXAM STUDY GUIDE LATEST UPDATE • Cancer o Sensitivity to odor ∴ decrease aromatic foods to decrease NV o Avoid hot foods d/t odor o Small, frequent meals q2hr o Increase citrus food, pickles, & mouth wash to produce more saliva to decrease metallic taste o Increase calcium & protein but not TOO high cal (cx cancer) o Eat 2.5 cups fruit to maintain wt. o Exercise >150min/wk. o Limit alcohol male (2) & female (1)/day o Use plastic utensils (decrease metallic taste) o Inc fluid & tart f/ taste o Prevention - 4-5 servings (2.5 cups) fruits & veggies/day; limit alcohol; increase whole grain not refined; limit processed meats d/t increased sodium level; increase lean cuts w/out skin • Captopril o Limit potassium rich foods (cantaloupe) • Carbohydrate o Starchy vs non-starchy veggies o 3-5 carbs/meal (45g) o portion size effects carbs o carb not r/t calorie amt • Cardiovascular o Increase K to decrease risk HTN o Increase fiber to decrease cholesterol o Decrease trans fats o x2> fatty fish/wk. to decrease HTN o Limit alcohol & sodium • Celiac o No gluten (wheat, barley, rye) • Child o Decrease choke ∴ peanut butter & celery, whole grapes, pretzels o <2y/o whole milk o >2y/o low fat milk • Crohn's Disease o Decrease fiber, lactose, fructose o Eat eggs (easily digest & high protein) • Cirrhosis + ascites o Limit sodium intake 2000mg / 2g o Limit fluids to 1.5L o 0.8-1.2g/kg protein prevent malnutrition o consume vit K d/t decrease prothrombin prod by liver ∴ @ risk clots • Cleft lip o Feed upright o Nipple to side of mouth to prevent enter nasal passage • Colostomy o Clinical signs (cx) loose stool ∴ thicken w/ pectin o return regular diet 6 wk. post op o fiber w/ cx obstruction • Constipation o Increase calcium decrease peristalsis • COPD o 6 small meals/day o drinks w/ increase protein/cal between meal o add gravy/sauce to prevent dry mouth o soft diet will decrease SOB w/ chew • DASH diet o Dec Na to 135-145mEq/L o Glucose 70-110mg/dL o Total cholesterol <200mg/dL • Dehydration o Continue infusion enteral feeding to prevent high carb load w/ each IM feed • Diabetes mellitus o Goal HgbA1c <7% - shows avg glucose level over past few mo ∴ >7% = not follow diet & avg high sugar level • Dumping syndrome o avoid liquid during meals to slow movement o Complex carbs better than simple o associate w/ fat or protein content of food o Lie down after eating to slow food movement via GI o Dec fiber to slow gastric emptying • Dysphagia o Palpate throat & chin during swallow o High fowler 90 degrees o Assess food pockets o Allow rest b4 meal o Do not hyper extend neck o Neck to chest to pv aspiration o S/s - painful swallow, chang [Show More]

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