Psychopharmacology Final Exam 2022

The process of releasing neurotransmitter molecules from the vesicles is known as _____ and occurs as a result of an influx of _____ - Answer- Exocytosis; Ca2+ Depot binding is said to occur when drugs - Answer- Bind ...

The process of releasing neurotransmitter molecules from the vesicles is known as _____ and occurs as a result of an influx of _____ - Answer- Exocytosis; Ca2+ Depot binding is said to occur when drugs - Answer- Bind to inactive sites During the ____ period, no additional action potentials can be created - AnswerAbsolute refractory Neural transmission is generally ____ within a single neuron and ____ between neurons. - Answer- Electrical; chemical The most common type of synapse in the brain is the ______ synapse - AnswerAxodendritic Neurons rely on ____ for protection, metabolic support and insulation - Answer- Glial cells Which of the following factors does NOT affect the pharmokinetics of a drug? A) Route of Administration B) Lipid solubility C) Depot binding D) Drug action - Answer- Drug action The sac-like structures in the presynaptic terminal are called ______ and are filled with _______ - Answer- Synaptic vesicles; neurotransmitter molecules In addition to environmental and sensory stimuli, psychoactive drugs can trigger long-lasting changes in neuronal connectivity. Collectively, these changes are termed - Answer- Synaptic plasticity Axonal transport of proteins occurs along a track formed by - Answer- Microtubules When activated, somatodendritic autoreceptors - Answer- Reduce the rate of cell firing If a substance is a neurotransmitter, stimulation of the presynaptic cell should have the same effect as - Answer- Direct application of the proposed substance to the postsynaptic cell In order for a substance to be considered a neurotransmitter it must meet several criteria. Which of the following is NOT considered a criterion for neurotransmitter status? A) A synthetic mechanism should be present in the presynaptic cell B) Vesicles containing the substance should move down the axon with the action potentials when the neuron is stimulated C) Receptors for the proposed substance should be present on the postsynaptic cell D) A means for inactivating the substance should be present - Answer- Vesicles containing the substance should move down the axon with the action potentials when the neuron is stimulated The Na+/K+ pump helps to maintain the ______ by moving three Na+ ions in and two K+ ions out of the cell - Answer- Resting membrane potential Activating a metabotropic receptor can result in all of the following except for A) Opening of a G protein-gated ion channel B) changes in the levels of a second messenger C)Opening of an ion channel within the receptor D) Changes in gene expression - Answer- Changes in gene expression Drug metabolism mostly occurs in the ____ and usually makes a drug more _____ soluble. - Answer- Liver; Water The ____ is best described as a result of the selective permeability of the neuronal membrane and the uneven distribution of ions inside and outside the cell. - AnswerResting membrane potential After drug administration has occurred, the amount of drug in the blood that is free to bind at specific target sites is/are referred to as - Answer- Bioavailability In the dose-response curve, a decrease in potency is indicated by a shift - AnswerTo the right _____ refer(s) to specific molecular changes that occur when a drug binds to a particular target site or receptor, while ______ are the resulting widespread alterations in function. - Answer- Drug action; drug effects Selective blockade of terminal autoreceptors for DA would lead to a(n) - AnswerIncrease in neurotransmitter release Prior to neurotransmitter release, vesicles are transported to specialized regions of the presynaptic terminal called _____ zones, where they bind to the terminal in a process known as ___________. - Answer- Priming, exocytosis. Steroid hormones bind to ______ receptors, which act as ______ when activated, and regulate gene expression - Answer- Intracellular; Transcription factors The absorption of a drug depends on all of the following except A) Lipid solubility B) Ionization C) Body temperature D) The concentration of the drug - Answer- Body temperature Drugs administered _____ are absorbed the most rapidly - Answer- Intravenously Most drugs and neurotransmitters act upon - Answer- Membrane-bound receptors.........