Clinical Chem Practice Questions COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

Clinical Chem Practice Questions COMPLETE SOLUTIONS in what form is glucose stored in the liver? - ✔✔glycogen which of the following hormones has the ability to decrease glucose concentration? -glucagon -epinephrine ...

Clinical Chem Practice Questions COMPLETE SOLUTIONS in what form is glucose stored in the liver? - ✔✔glycogen which of the following hormones has the ability to decrease glucose concentration? -glucagon -epinephrine -insulin -thyroxine - ✔✔insulin which form of diabetes manifest itself later in life and is associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and glycosuria? - ✔✔type 2 diabetes which of the following is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus? -low insulin levels -ketosis often accompanied by hyperglycemia -high frequency of autoab to islet calles -all of the above - ✔✔all of the above which statement regarding glycosylated hgb (A1c) is true? -it has a sugar attached to the hgb-beta-chain -it is dependent on the time avg blood glucose over the rbc life -levels below 7% indicate adequate regulation for 8-12 weeks prior to sampling -all of the above - ✔✔all of the abovewhat hormone plays a primary role in controlling the reabsorption of Na in the tubules? -cortisol -cortisone -estriol -aldosterone - ✔✔aldosterone list 3 post-analytical errors associated with chemistry specimens - ✔✔the accuracy of the results, reported results not delivered to the physician on time or having instrument malfunctions which of the following blood additives is most useful for serum collection? -polymer barrier -oxalate -EDTA -citrate - ✔✔polymer barrier (SST) which one of the following electrolytes is the major intracellular cation? -Na -K -Cl -Ca - ✔✔potassium (K) which of the following is not included in the electrolyte panel? -Na -Ca-K -Cl - ✔✔Ca electrolyte panel: Na, K, Cl, CO2 (HCO3) which of these electrolytes would be affected the most by hemolysis? -Cl -Na -K -Ca - ✔✔potassium (K) CO2 is predominately found in blood in the form of -bound CO2 -bicarbonate ions -sodium carbonate -pCO2 - ✔✔bicarbonate ions (HCO3) sodium fluoride is an excellent preservative for collecting glucose specimens because: -prevents interference with other substances -inhibits glycolysis -enhances chemical rxn -inhibits certain clotting factors - ✔✔inhibits glycolysis fluoride inhibits enolase in the glycolytic pathwaywhich of the following is not a characteristic of severe hyperglycemia? -polyuria -ketonuria -glycosuria -hypoglucogonemia - ✔✔hypoglucogonemia??? which test maybe performed to assess the avg plasma glucose level that an individual maintained during a previous 2-3 month period? -plasma glucose -2-hr postprandial glucose -oral glucose tolerance -glyocated hgb - ✔✔glyocated hgb (A1c) lab tests are performed for a postmenopausal 57 yr old woman as part of an annual physical examination. the pt's random serum glucose is 220 mg/dL, and the A1C is 11%. Based on this information, this pt would most likely be classified as -normal -impaired -having type 1 diabetes -having type 2 diabetes - ✔✔having type 2 diabetes an increased osmolal gap is most common seen in which of the following? -type 2 diabetes -pancreatitis -presence of toxins such as ethanol and ethylene glycol -liver failure - ✔✔presence of toxins such as ethanol and ethylene glycolwhich of the following sets of results is consistent with uncompensated metabolic acidosis? -pH 7.25, HCO3 15mmol/L, pCO2 37mmHg -pH 7.30, HCO3 16mmol/L, pCO2 28mmHg -pH 7.45, HCO3 22mmol/L, pCO2 40mmHg -pH7.40, HCO3 25mmol/L, pCO2 40mmHg - ✔✔pH 7.25, HCO3 15mmol/L, pCO2 37mmHg a pt with emphysema who has fluid accumulation in the alveolar sacs is likely to be in which of the following acid-base clinical states? -resp. alkalosis -resp. acidosis -meta. acidosis -meta. alkalosis - ✔✔respiratory acidosis which of the following buffer systems is the most important physiological buffer system in the body? -Hgb -protein -phosphate -bicarbonate/carbonic acid - ✔✔bicarbonate and carbonic acid which of the following hormones involved in Ca regulation acts by decreasing both Ca and Phos? -PTH -calcitonin -vitamin D -cortisol - ✔✔PTHwhich of the following electrolytes is the chief plasma cation whose function is maintaining pressure? -Cl -K -Na -HCO3 - ✔✔Na which of the following conditions is associated with hypernatremia? -diabetes insipidus -hypoaldosteronism -diarrhea -acidosis - ✔✔diabetes insipidus the major extracellular cation is which of the following? -K -Na -Cl -HCO3 - ✔✔Na hyperparathyroidism is most consistently associated with which of the following? -hypercalcemia -hypercalciuria -hypophosphatemia -metabolic alkalosis - ✔✔hypercalcemiawhich of the following best represents the reference range for aterial pH? -7.35-7.45 -7.42-7.52 -7.38-7.68 -6.85-7.56 - ✔✔7.35-7.45 which of the following contributes the most to the serum total CO2? -pCO2 -HCO3 -carbonium ion - ✔✔HCO3 a pt's blood gas results are: pH 7.50 pCO2 55 mmHg HCO3 40 mmol/L these results indicate -resp. acidosis -meta. alkalosis -resp. alkalosis -meta. acidosis - ✔✔metabolic alkalosis pH = alkaline pCO2 = NHCO3 = increased which of the following will shift the O2 dissociation curve to the left? -anemia -hyperthermia -hypercapnia -alkalosis - ✔✔alkalosis shift to the right: P50 >27mmHg, pH 7.2 (acid). decrease O2 affinity, increased 2,3 BPG (unloads O2 to tissues) shift to the left: P50 <27mmHg, pH 7.6 (alk), increased O2 affinity, decreased 2,3 BPG (Hgb does not load O2 into tissues) which of the following is the primary mechanism of compensation for metabolic acidosis? -hyperventilation -release of epinephrine -aldosterone release -bicarbonate excretion - ✔✔hyperventilation causes: kidney disease, renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis compensation: CO2 expired via hyperventilation, H ions excreted via kidney and HCO3 reabsorbed