Chemistry > A-Level Mark Scheme > AQA A-level CHEMISTRY 7405/3 Paper 3 Mark scheme June 2021 (All)

AQA A-level CHEMISTRY 7405/3 Paper 3 Mark scheme June 2021

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3.12 Organic structures Where students are asked to draw organic structures, unless a specific type is required inthe question and stated in the mark scheme, these may be given as displayed, structur... al or skeletal formulas or a combination of all three as long as the result is unambiguous. In general • Displayed formulae must show all of the bonds and all of the atoms in the molecule, butneed not show correct bond angles. • Skeletal formulae must show carbon atoms by an angle or suitable intersection in theskeleton chain. Functional groups must be shown and it is essential that all atoms other than C atoms are shown in these (except H atoms in the functional groups of aldehydes, secondary amines and N-substituted amides which do not need to be shown). • Structures must not be ambiguous, e.g. 1-bromopropane should be shown as CH3CH2CH2Br and not as the molecular formula C3H7Br which could also represent theisomeric 2- bromopropane. • Bonds should be drawn correctly between the relevant atoms. This principle applies in all cases where the attached functional group contains a carbon atom, eg nitrile, carboxylic acid, aldehyde and acid chloride. The carbon-carbon bond should be clearlyshown. Wrongly bonded atoms will be penalised on every occasion. (see the examples below) • The same principle should also be applied to the structure of alcohols. For example, ifstudents show the alcohol functional group as C ─ HO, they should be penalised on every occasion. • Latitude should be given to the representation of C ─ C bonds in alkyl groups, giventhat CH3─ is considered to be interchangeable with H3C─ even though the latter would be preferred. • Similar latitude should be given to the representation of amines where NH2─ C will beallowed, although H2N─ C would be preferred. • Poor presentation of vertical C ─ CH3 bonds or vertical C ─ NH2 bonds should not be penalised. For other functional groups, such as ─ OH and ─ CN, the limit of toleranceis the half-way position between the vertical bond and the relevant atoms in the attached group. [Show More]

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