Step 2CK NBME Review Latest Updated 2022 Graded A+

NBME 4 Correct Answer- 2mo infant is exclusively breastfed. What nutritional supplement? Correct Answer-Oral VitD to prevent rickets What HTN drug causes peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness? Correct Answer-CCB eg ni ...

NBME 4 Correct Answer- 2mo infant is exclusively breastfed. What nutritional supplement? Correct Answer-Oral VitD to prevent rickets What HTN drug causes peripheral edema, flushing, dizziness? Correct Answer-CCB eg nifedipine 15yo girl with recurrent candida infections of skin and mucous membranes since childhood. Dx? Correct Answer-Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (T cell dysfunction) 57yoM with impotence for 1 year rand bronze colored skin. Ferritin concentration is 4050 NG/ml. Increased risk for what complication? Correct Answer-1. Liver (primary organ)--hepatocellular carcinoma 2. Others: pancreas (DM), heart (CHF), skin, thyroid (hypo), gonads, joints (arthritis) 87yo's daughter: "we want my mother to receive hospice care at home but no one wants her to die at home. Can she still have hospice services?" Correct Answer-Yes. Hospice can provide home based care and attempt to transfer the pt to another site before death.32yoF with 4d of fever with lymphatic obstruction. PE: the left lower extremity is diffuse lay red and edematous from just below the knee to the ankle, with a sharp demarcation separating the erythematous area from the normal skin at the knee. The erythematous area is painful and hyperesthetic to touch. The left oral nodes are enlarged and painful. Dx and cause? Correct AnswerErysipelas - usually caused by group A strep - Tx: IM or oral penicillin/erythromycin 16yo girl with painful genital lesions or 2d. Lots of sexual partners. Exam shows two 3x3mm ulcerated lesions on the anterior vaginal vault. How prevent transmission with new partner? Correct AnswerConsistent condom use (NOT pharmacological treatment) 37yo primigravid at 25 weeks' gestation with confusion for 12 hours. Fever and intermittent nausea and vomiting over the past 2 weeks. No contractions, but decreased fetal movement. Family Hx of T1DM, seizure disorder. T 38.8, P 168/min, BP 187/84. Mildly enlarged thyroid gland. Lungs clear. 3/6 systolic ejection murmur. Fetal heart rate 182/min. Labs show: Hb 9.9, platelets 282k, Serum: Na 134, Cl 94, K 2.9, Thyroid-stimulating hormone 0.01, AST 33, LDH 112, Uric acid 5.4. Dx? Correct Answer-Thyroid storm - Precipitants: infection, DKA, stress (childbirth, trauma, surgery, illness) - Sx: fever, tachycardia, agitation, confusion, GI symptoms (n/v/d) - Tx: supportive therapy with IV fluids, cooling blankets, glucose; PTU ever y2h, follow with iodine; beta blockers to control HR; dexamethasone to impair t3 from T437yo F with 4-month history of numbness, burning, and tingling of the toes and soles of her feet. 3-year hx of recurrent mouth sores. Numerous oral apthous ulcers, genital ulcers, and several 2.5-cm red lesions over the left anterior tibial region. Photophobia. Ankle reflexes are absent. Proprioception and sensation to pinprick and vibration decreased in lower ext. Dx? Correct Answer-Behcet syndrome - autoimmune vasculititc disease - Sx: recurrent oral and genital ulcerations (usu painful), arthritis (knees, ankles), eye involvement (uveitis, optic neuritis, conjuncitivitis), CNS involvement (intracranial HTN, meningoencephalitis), fever, wt loss; erythema nodosum-like lesions, pseudofolliculitis - Dx: bx Tx: steroids *NOT polyarteritis nodosa - can be associated with hep B, HIV, drug reactions - Sx: fever, wt loss, myalgias, abdominal pain (bowel angina) - Dx: bx; elevated ESR and pANCA - Tx: corticosteroids (if severe, cyclophosphamide) 87yo F with fever for 1 day. Urinary catheter was placed 2 weeks ago. Has dementia, Alzheimer type, and is unable to communicate verbally. T 37.8 C, P 86/min, BP 120/74. Mucous membranes are moist and pink. Urinalysis shows: Color cloudy brown, Ph 8.8, Blood 2+, Glucose negative, Protein 2+, RBC numerous, wbc 20-25, Nitrites 3+, leuk esterase 3+, bacteria many. Gram stain shows gram-negative bacilli. Which would have prevented? Correct Answer-Use of incontinence briefs instead of the catheter (NOT changing catheter daily)32yo M with AIDS with 1-week history of T to 40 C and cough. Current medications include trimethopimsulfamethoxazole and three antiretroviral agents. Moist crackles over right lung base. X-ray of the chest shows an infiltrate in the right lower lobe. Causal org? Correct Answer-Stretococcus pneumoniae (NOT Pneumocystitis jiroveci b/c taking prophylactic oral bactrim) 77yo F with lesions on her left arm for the past 2 months. Underwent modified radical mastectomy of the left breast for breast cancer 20 years ago complicated by chronic edema of the LUE. Two r-mm, raised, hard, purple lesions just above the left elbow. Dx? Correct Answer-Lymphangiosarcoma - rare malignant tumor which occurs in long-standing cases of primary or secondary lymphedema. It involves either the upper or lower lymphedematous extremities but is most common in upper extremities. 57yo F with 2-week history of progressive jaundice and a 5-kg weight loss. Dark urine and pale stools. No meds. BP 120/80. Gallbladder palpated in the RUQ. Urine dipstick is positive for bilirubin. Ultrasonography shows a dilated gallbladder and dilated intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary ducts. No calculi. Next step? Correct Answer-CT scan of the abdomen (Obstructive jaundice due to carcinoma head of pancreas) - Courvoisier's sign: palpably enlarged gallbladder which is nontender and accompanied with mild painless jaundice, the cause is unlikely to be gallstones. (NOT Lap Cholecystectomy) One hour after splenectomy, 42yo M has severe shortness of breath. Additional injuries include left rib and pelvic fractures. T 36.3, P 133/min, BP 80/60. Breath sounds are absent on the left. Bowel sounds are absent. Next step? Correct Answer-Needle thoracostomy (pneumothorax; severe)NOT CXR 67yo M with alcoholism. 15-year history of poorly controlled hypertension; takes hydrochlorothiazide, not compliant. BP 170/102. Funduscopic examination shows arteriovenous nicking and tortuosity of the arteries. Risk for? Correct Answer-MI - hypertensive retinopathy: AV nicking and tortuosity of the arteries NOT subarachnoid hemorrhage 32 year old woman with 1 month of diarrhea, 8lb weight loss, three to four semiliquid stools daily. No fever, abdo pain or rectal bleeding. Just returned from scuba diving in Mexico 6 weeks ago. Boyfriend is symptom free. Abdo and rectal exam are normal. What is organism? Correct Answer-Giardia lamblia NOT V cholerae (up to 15 stools per day) 37yo F from Guatemala with joint pain, swelling, and stiffness of her wrists and hands for 2 years. Ibupforen ineffective. No fever, cough, or weight lossl. Received all immunizations. BMI 20. Spleen tip is nontender and is palpated 4 cm below left costal margin. Grip strength is decreased. Labs: Hb 10, Leukocyte count 2.5k, Platelets 125k. Cause of the leukopenia? Correct Answer-Felty syndrome - disorder that involves rheumatoid arthritis, a swollen spleen, decreased white blood cell count, and repeated infections. It is rare.37 yr old woman, sudden onset fever 7 days after splenectomy for ITP. T 102.4, mild distension and diffuse tenderness, no rebound, rigidity or guarding. No bowel sounds. Labs hg 9.8 Leuks 21,300 Platelet 105, 000, amylase 124. chest xray shows left pleural effusion. what is the most likely cause of the findings? Correct Answer-subphrenic abscess (Post-splenectomy subphrenic abscess, phrenic nerve impingement cause refered shoulder pain, abscess fits the Fever, Increase Leukocyte count) NOT pneumonia 3yo girl with fever and ear pain for 1 day. Has had clear nasal discharge and cough for 3 days. History of several ear infections and one episode of streptococcal pharyngitis over the past 12 months. Father smokes in the house, family has two cats. Swims frequently. T 38.5, P 110/min, BP 80/50. Clear nasal discharge, erythema and bulging of the right tympanic membrane, and erythema of the throat without exude. Recommendation to prevent recurrence? Correct Answer-Avoidance of passive smoke exposure sensitivity Correct Answer- 62yo M with fatigue for 9 weeks. Drinks moonshine. HCT 29%, MCV 78, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is 25%. Blood smear shows hypochromic, microcytic erythrocytes and normochromic, normocytic erythrocytes. Bone marrow shows greater than 10% normoblasts containing iron-laden mitochondria that surround the nucleus and appear as rings on Prussian blue staining. Iron and transferrin saturation increased. Cause? Correct Answer-Sideroblastic anemia - caused by abnormality in RBC iron metabolism - hereditary or acq (drugs eg INH, alcohol, chloramphenicol; exposure to lead; neoplastic disease)- Labs: increased serum iron and ferritin, normal TIBC, ringed sideroblasts in bone marrow - Tx: remove offending agents; consider pyridoxine NOT hemochromatosis 30yo F routine exam. 10-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Microalbuminuria, her hemoglobin A1c is 7%, and serum Cr is 1.8. Intervention? Correct Answer-Administration of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor NOT inc dose of insulin 19yo F at 32 weeks' gestation with 1-month history of a generalized rash that has not expanded or changed. No pruritis or fever. No prenatal care. Macular rash involving the palms, chest, back, abdomen, extremities, and soles. Causal oragnism? Correct Answer-Treponema pallidum NOT Rubella: "You drive CARS with your palms and soles" CA- Coxsackievirus A R- Rickettsia Rickettsii S- Syphilis (secondary)22yo F with asthma. Treated for six acute episodes of wheezing and nonproductive cough during the past year. Last episode 1 mo ago. Sx exacerbated when outside during the spring and fall. On albuterol inhaler. Smoked daily for 5 years. X-ray of the chest normal. Which will reduce frequency of exacerbations? Correct Answer-- Fluticasone inhaler therapy (Not influenza vaccine) 6 month old boy, chronic constipation since the age of 1 week. Current Rx with rectal stimulation, glycerin suppositories, and 4 ounces of prune juice produces string-like stool every 4 days. No vomiting. Growth and development are appropriate for age. Abdominal exam shows distension, no tenderness. Rectal exam, no palpable stool in ampulla. What is next step in mangement? Correct Answer-Rectal manometry - Hirshsprung disease: Chronic progressive constipation with onset in infancy + abdominal distension + empty rectum 37yo M with 6-week history of the rash shown. Similar rash over the past 5 years resolved with Rx. Sun exposure, the rash becomes lighter than his tanned skin. Pharmacotherapy? Correct Answer-Selenium sulfide shampoo - tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor) fungal infection 82yo M with shortness of breath at rest, increasing malaise, generalized weakness, and depressed mood for 6 weeks. Bruises easily and has bleeding and inflammation of the gums. Hypertrophic, lichenified patches over the upper extremities. No memory loss. Dx? Correct Answer-- Vitamin C deficiency(Scurvy, malnutrition, easy bruising, bleeding gums) 62yo M 4 hours after sudden onset of vomiting and sever abdominal pain. Has had mild, intermittent epigastric pain, relieved with antacid use. No hx of serious illness. Smoked daily for 35 years. Appears diaphoretic and is in acute distress. T 38.4 C, P 100/min, BP 115/75. Bowel sounds are absent. Next step? Correct Answer-X-rays of the chest and abdomen (to visualize perforation) NOT CT abdomen 2yo girl with shortness of breath for the past 2 hours. 3-day history of runny nose, sneezing, and nasal congestion. T 38.5 C, p 130/min, rr 48/min. Dyspnea. Stridor and moderate retractions with inspiration. Lungs clear. Barking cough. Causal organism? Correct Answer-Parainfluenza virus NOT Bordetella pertussis !!! 42yo F with decreased energy, apathy, and difficulty sleeping since being fired from her job 3 weeks ago. Crying spells, weight loss, tearful. Speech is soft and goal directed. Not thought abot suicide and does not want to die. Labs normal. Next step? Correct Answer-Citalopram therapy (SSRI) NOT psychodynamic psychothreapy (Psychodynamic therapy, also known as insight-oriented therapy, focuses on unconscious processes as they are manifested in a person's present behavior. The goals of psychodynamic therapy are a client's self-awareness and understanding of the influence of the past on present behavior.)25yo F with AIDS comes with 10-day history of fever, shortness of breath, night sweats, and a nonproductive cough. T 38.6. CXR with bilateral interstitial infiltrates. Silver stain positive for cysts and organisms. pharm? Correct Answer-Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole - diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii) pneumonia is to perform a Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stain on the lung tissue or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The cyst wall is stained, and the organisms appear as crushed ping-pong balls 37 yo man restrained driver in a car with no airbags. Steering wheel was deformed. En route, his hemodynamic status and respirations were stable. He has severe anterior chest pain. P110, RR 24, BP 90/60. Exam shows jugular venous distention (JVD), tenderness of the sternum to palpation. Breath sounds are equal. Heart sounds are decreased. Upper and lower extremities are normal. After 2L 0.9% saline, pulse decreases to 100/min, BP increases to 100/70. In the next 10 min, BP drops to 80/50. Which explains changes in BP? Correct Answer-Pericardial tamponade (hypotension, JVD) NOT ruptured thoracic aorta 14yo girl 6 hours after onset of severe abdominal pain. Hx of similar episodes and swelling of her arms and legs since early childhood. Associated with swelling of the lips and eyes and have not responded to rx with hydroxyzine. VSS. Rigid and diffusely tender abdomen. Bowel sounds are increased. Substance that is most likely decreased? Correct Answer-C1 esterase inhibitor - Hereditary angioedema (recurrent attacks of intense, massive, localized subcutaneous edema involving the extremities, genitalia, face, or trunk, or submucosal edema of upper airway or bowels)27yo F 25 minutes after MVC. Restrained driver. Upper abdominal and left-sided chest pain. P 120/min, rr 18, BP 80/50. Tenderness over the left costal margin and LUQ of abdomen. X-ray of the chest shows multiple fractures of the ribs. BP stabilizes after 2 L lactated Ringer solution. Next step? Correct AnswerCT scan of the abdomen NOT contrast angiography 4yo boy with increasing left ear pain for 2 weeks. T 38.5. Erythematous, bulging tympanic membrane an an edematous auditory canal with a small amount of mucopurulent dischage. Ear displaced laterally. 1- cm, freely moile, nontender mass palpated over the left anterior neck. Next step? Correct Answer-CT scan of the temporal bone (mastoiditis) - NOT oral amoxicillin 47yo M with 2-year history of increasing left knee pain. Over the past 6 months, he has been awakening at night with pain. Pain exacerbated with walking and prolonged standing. Stoped participating in spots. At age 16, he sustained fractures of the left proximal tibia while playing football and undeerwent ORIF. No locking or catching. Varus deformity of the left knee. Explanation? Correct Answer-Post-traumatic arthritis NOT nonunion of his prior fracture #PFTs in restrictive vs obstructive lung disease Correct Answer#37yo M with fever, generalized muscle aches, and an ulcer on his neck, began 10 days ago as a painless, itchy papule that enlarged over a 2-day period, until small, fluid-filled blisters formed on top of the papule. Painless ulcer covered by a black scap. Emplyed as a postal worker and works part-time as a horticulturist. No travel. Eschar-covered ulcer surrounded by nonpitting edema. Dx? Correct AnswerCutaneous anthrax #what causes urinary incontinence of normal pressure hydrocephalus? Correct Answer-failure to inhibit the voiding complex #what is the underlying cause of slipped capital femoral epiphysis? Correct Answer-disruption of the femoral head epiphyseal plate #37yo F with increasingly severe pain and masses in both breasts over the past 3 months. 12-year hx of similar episodes. Masses vary with menstrual cycles. Used OCP for 16 years. Multonodular breasts. No axillary adenopathy. Dx? Correct Answer-Fibrocystic changes of the breast # Lung cancer Correct Answer- #Indications for cone biopsy of cervix Correct Answer-- The abnormal tissue cannot be seen with colposcopy but was found in cells collected from a biopsy of the cervical canal - the abnormal tissue seen with colposcopy extends high into the cervical canal. A cone biopsy is done to remove and examine the abnormal tissue.- Cervical cancer is suspected based on Pap test results, colposcopy, and cervical biopsy. A cone biopsy can determine the extent, depth, and severity of the cancerous tissue and can guide treatment decisions. #Is haloperidol contraindicated in pregnancy? Correct Answer-No #How does Crohn's cause small bowel obstruction? Correct Answer-small bowel fibrotic stricture #What are the causes of diabetes insipidus? Correct Answer-1. Central DI - idiopathic - trauma: surgery, head trauma* - other destructive processes involving the hypothalamus: tumors, sarcoidosis, TB, syphilis, encephalitis 2. Nephrogenic DI - chronic Li use - other causes: hypercalcemia, pyelonephritis, demeclocycline use, congenital #3mo infant with tachypnea and tachycardia for 10 days; during this period he has been feeding poorly. grade 3/6 holosystolic murmur and a grade 2/6, apical mid-diastolic murmur are heard. X-ray of the chest shows cardiomegaly with increased pulmonary vascular markins. Echocardiography shows a large ventricular septal defect. Cause? Correct Answer-Excessive pulmonary blood flow#echo of endometrioma Correct Answer-low level, homogeneous, internal echos #22yo F with acute myelogenous leukemia undergoes evaluation prior to discharge. Has received induction chemotherapy and transfusions via a subcutaneous central venous catheter for the past 4 weeks. Two days ago, CBC and bone marrow biopsy were normal. Most appropriate recommndation to avoid complications? Correct Answer-Hand washing with an antibacterial soap prior to contact with the catheter #lab findings of DKA Correct Answer-- hyperglycemia: serum glucose > 450mg/dl and <850 mg/dl - metabolic acidosis - ketonemia and ketonuria - hyperosmolarity - hyponatremia - potassium: hyperkalemia but total body K low #how to manage molar pregnancy? Correct Answer-suction curettage #how to manage superficial thrombophlebitis? Correct Answer-application of warm compresses # 25yo F with shortness of breath, marked malaise, weakness, and fatigue for 4 hours. Developed muscle soreness after an unusually streneous physical workout; took ibuprofen 1 hour prior. Hx offrequent migraines Rx with metoprolol. Facial flushing and mild periorbital edema. Multiple wheezes throughout lung fields. Avoidance of which to prevent recurrence? Correct Answer-aspirin #47 yo M at follow-up after being diagnosed with stage I HTN 5 months ago. Started on hydrochlorothiazide. Over the last month, he has felt fatigued. Exam is normal. Which is causing his symptoms? Correct Answer-hypokalemia #32yo F ith 2-day history of fever and an area of swelling and redness on her right forearm. No travel, no hx of trauma. Epitrochlear lymph nodes are enlarged. Distal radial aspect of the right upper extremity shows an 8 x 12-cm warm, erythematous area of edema that is tender to palpation; warm, tender red streak extending from this area to the elbow. Causal organism? Correct Answer-beta hemolytic streptococcus - lymphangitis caused by strep pyogenes( beta hemolytic strep ) #52yo F with 8-month hx of intermittent nonproductive cough. No meds. Smoked daily for 25 years. Sinusitis over 18 months. Pale nasal mucosa and cobblestoning of the posterior pharynx. Lungs clear. No clubbing or cyanosis. Cause? Correct Answer-allergic rhinitis #what does granulosa cell tumor produce? Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor? dysgerminoma? Correct Answerestrogen; testosterone ; hypercalcemia #47yo F with intermittent palpitations over the past 3 weeks. No smoke and no meds. Consumes two caffeinated beverages daily and does not drink alcohol. X-ray of the chest shows bilateral hilaradenopathy and clear lung fields. ECG shows first-degree atrioventricular block. Dx? Correct AnswerSarcoidosis #42yo F in ED 30 minutes after found unconscious in her bed. 6-year history of systemic lupus erythematosus treated with prednisone. Been on a drinking binge and not eating. Three days ago, had rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and a nonproductive cough. T 38.9 P 110/min, palpable SBP is 80. Initial step? Correct Answer-Corticosteroid therapy