Gerontology Exam Sample Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions

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Gerontology Exam Sample Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions In assessing the aging client, it is importnat for the nurse to recognize: a) The client's ability to perform ADLs b) The fina... ncial status of the client c) The job that the client held prior to aging d) All components of well-being, including biological function, psychological function, and social function Correct Answer-D Medications, slower mobility, lack of proper fluid intake, and poor diet can contribute to what common symptom in the elder population? a) Urinary incontinence b) Skin changes c) Mental changes d) Depression Correct Answer-A The nurse assessing the older population needs to have a basic understanding of which of the following? a) The economic status of the area b) The difference between normal and abnormal for the older age groupc) The signs of sexual dysfunction d) The signs of cardiac disease Correct Answer-B Which statement would be most appropriate to ask when assessing an aging adult for cognitive function? a) What is today's date? b) Can you count to 10 for me? c) Have you noticed anything different about your memory or thinking in the past few months? d) Who is the president of the United States? Correct Answer-C Which disease or ailment is often under diagnosed and undertreated in the aging population? a) Schizpphrenia b) Depression c) Associative disorders d) Attention deficit disorder Correct Answer-B Which statement demonstrates normal cognitive function for an aging adult? a) Occasional memory lapses b) Unable to recall the names of their children or siblingsc) Unable to recall current address or phone number d) Unable to count to 10 or repeat a series of consecutive numbers Correct Answer-A Denmentia and depression are strongly related to: a) Clients over the age of 60 b) Clients over the age of 65 c) A decreased quality of life and functional deficits d) Past economic status and job performance Correct Answer-C Which statement reflects the state of drug absorption in the geriatric patient? a) The rate of absorption is slowed b) The rate of absorption is faster due to thinning of the mucosa c) The percentage of the medication that is absorbed is decreased d) There is a decrease in gastric pH as we age Correct Answer-A The absorption of medication in the geriatric client is most often affected by: a) A decrease in body fat b) An increase in serun albumin c) A decrease in body water and lean body weightd) An increase in body water Correct Answer-C Which organ is responsible for drug metabolism and must be considered when prescribing medicaiton for an older adult? a) Kidneys b) Pancreas c) Intestines d) Liver Correct Answer-D An older adult on digoxin and furosemide is showing signs of toxicity. The gerontology nurse understands that: a) Digoxin and furosemide are excreted by the kidneys, and the doses may need to be decreased due to impaired kidney function b) Digoxin and furosemide are excreted through the intestinal tract, and dose changes would be ineffective c) An increase in fluid intake will fix the symptoms, and no change in dose is needed d) How a drug is excreted is not a consideration when dosing an older adult Correct Answer-A Which statement is true regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in older adults? a) The rate of ADRs in geriatric clients is seven times that of younger adults and poses serious health problemsb) Older adults rarely have adverse reactions to prescribed medications becuase they are monitored c) Adverse reactions are minimal in older adults and require no intervention d) Only about 1% of older adults require hospitalization for ADRs Correct Answer-A Which substance(s) show changes through aging by becoming less pliable and stiffer? a) Lipofuscin b) Collagen and elastin c) Epithelial tissue d) Cytoplasm Correct Answer-B Which factor is NOT a normal part of aging and needs to be addressed to promote nutrition in the older adult client? a) Loss of teeth b) Increase in gastric pH c) Xerostoma or dry mouth d) Decline in basal metabolic rate Correct Answer-C An 80-year-old female asks the nurse about over-the-counter vitamin supplements. The most appropriate advice would include: a) No vitamin supplements are needed with a balanced dietb) Any multivitamin will do c) Take only a calcium supplement d) Take a multivitamin for those over the age of 50, which should include the recommended vitamins for the aging adult Correct Answer-D Which theories on aging were introduced in the early 1900s? a) Wear-and-tear theory and autointoxication theory b) Evolution theory c) Molecular theory d) Cellular theory Correct Answer-A Systems theory includes which components about aging? a) Gene regulation ideas b) Nutation accumulation on aging c) Neuroendocrine and immunological ideas d) Free radical ideas Correct Answer-C What is the most noticeable change in tissue as it ages? a) Decrease in lipidsb) Increase in subcutaneous tissue c) Decrease in wrinkles d) Accumulation of pigmented material called lipofuscin Correct Answer-D What is the most significant change in vital organs in the aging client? a) No change in organ tissue is noted b) The outer appearance of an organ changes, but the functional component does not change c) Organs show signs of decrease in function during the aging process d) The aging process speeds up the functional capacity of major organs Correct Answer-C What benefit does evidnce-based practice offer clients over the age of 60? a) No actual benefits have been noted when evidence-based practice is the model for geriatric care b) Evidence-based practice offers the client improved health care in all settings c) Evidence-based pracrice is only used as a model in acute care settings d) Minimal changes in geriatric care have arisen from the use of evidnece-baseed practice models Correct Answer-B What is the purpose of Rogers' diffusion of innovation model in relation to evidnece-based practice (EBP)? a) There is no relation to EBPb) It offers an explanation of aging c) It is used to open communication around issues of implementing changes in practice when EBP research has shown that change would improve outcomes d) It is the model that contradicts the EBP theory Correct Answer-C Which of the following statements defines who is appropriate for gerontological nursing care as stated by Orem (1991)? a) Orem (1991) refers to advanced epdistric nursing care b) Any aged client whose self-care demands exceed their ability to meet those demands is appropriate c) Orem (1991) refers to young adult nursing care in preparation for a healthyolder adult life stage d) Any client who needs nursing care for whatever reason at any age is appropriate Correct Answer-B Describe the order for the nursing process as practiced by the gerontological nurse: a) Diagnose, implement, evaluate b) Assess, identify expected outcomes, implement, evaluate c) Assess, dignose along with the team, identify outcomes, plan, implement, evaluate d) Assess, evaluate, plan, implement, and look at outcomes Correct Answer-C Which choice best explains the practice setting for the gerontological nurse? a) In the home of the clientb) Only in acute care settings c) Clinics and long-term care facilities d) Home of the client, acute care facilities, long-term care settings, and clinics or anywhere clients over the age of 65 seek health care and health education Correct Answer-D A 70-year-old presents to the clinic stating that his family things he is losing his mind and they want to put him in a home. What would be the intial role of the gerontological nurse? a) Begin the process of finding a qualified nursing home b) Do a complete history,physical, and assessment c) Speak with the family about their concerns d) Make light of the subject until the nurse can evaluate the situation Correct Answer-B Which item would not be a focus of a cognitive-perceptual pattern assessment for the older client? a) Cognition--Have you experienced any changes in your memory? b) Communication--Have you had any difficulty speaking or forming ideas? c) FInancial--Have you had any financial hardships over the past several months? d) Orientation--Do you know what day, month, and year it is? Correct Answer-C Which topic should NOT be omitted when assessign the aging client? a) Sexual historyb) Caridac history c) History of abuse d) All of the above Correct Answer-D For an individual with age-related hearing loss, which sound is most difficult to hear: a) A recording of a march played softly b) A young child talking in a cafeteria line c) Hammering during construction of a house next door d) The voice of a man speaking in an elevator Correct Answer-2 Pain of gastrointestinal origin is best differentiated from pain of cardiac origin by the presence of: 1. chest pain lasting longer than five minutes. 2. chest pain of rapid onset. 3. left flank pain. 4. substernal chest discomfort. Correct Answer-4 The progression of intermittent claudication is measured by the: 1. distance walked before leg pain starts.2. pedal edema after dangling the legs for 20 minutes. 3. peripheral pulses in the affected leg. 4. skin temperature and color of the feet. Correct Answer-1 An early sign of alcohol withdrawal is: 1. auditory hallucinations. 2. decreased blood pressure. 3. depression. 4. diaphoresis. Correct Answer-4 A stage III pressure ulcer is characterized by: 1. blisters, abrasions, or shallow craters. 2. deep craters with or without undermining and full-thickness skin loss involving subcutaneous tissue. 3. full-thickness skin loss with tissue necrosis or damage to muscle or bone. 4. partial-thickness skin loss involving the dermis or epidermis. Correct Answer-2 The primary risk factor for the development of pressure ulcers in older adult patients is: 1. immobility.2. impaired circulation. 3. incontinence. 4. malnutrition. Correct Answer-1 An 80-year-old resident of a retirement center states that something is wrong with the lighting in the room because colored rings appear around the light bulbs. The resident most likely has: 1. cataracts. 2. delusions. 3. glaucoma. 4. increased intracranial pressure. Correct Answer-3 The most common cause of chronic pain in older adults is: 1. arthritis. 2. fractures. 3. headaches. 4. neuropathy. Correct Answer-1 A 72-year-old man with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronicanxiety is admitted to a nursing home. Care plan objectives for this man include: 1. adherence to his medication regimen, inhalation therapy, and instruction about methods of conserving energy. 2. an exercise program to increase the vital capacity of his lungs. 3. instruction in respiratory exercises with emphasis on forced inhalation. 4. oxygen therapy at 3 L/min as needed and deep-breathing exercises for relaxation. Correct Answer-1 A 65-year-old man with a 45-year history of smoking complains of a change in his cough pattern, a nonproductive cough, and an ache in his chest. The man's chest x-ray reveals an infiltrate. The gerontological nurse suspects: 1. a lung tumor. 2. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 3. pulmonary edema. 4. tuberculosis. Correct Answer-1 Which symptom in older adults is most indicative of a urinary tract infection? 1. Confusion 2. Dysuria3. Fever 4. Frequency Correct Answer-1 Which is a risk factor for vaginitis in older adult women? 1. Anticoagulation therapy 2. Increased sexual activity 3. Poor nutrition 4. Prolonged antibiotic therapy Correct Answer-4 Which condition might be indicated by an increase in hemoglobin values? 1. Dehydration 2. Infection 3. Malnutrition 4. Opiate use Correct Answer-1 An 83-year-old female patient underwent a total hip replacement three days ago. She should not cross her legs because: 1. abduction of the hip can cause dislocation of the prosthesis. 2. adduction of the hip can cause dislocation of the prosthesis.3. blood clots often result from pressure on arteries in the legs. 4. contracture can be prevented by avoiding acute flexion of the hip. Correct Answer-2 A 76-year-old patient with osteoarthritis complains of pain, stiffness, and deformities of the fingers. The gerontological nurse recommends: 1. cold packs. 2. exercise. 3. meditation therapy. 4. vitamin therapy. Correct Answer-2 A factor that contributes to hypothermia in older adults is: 1. decreased activity. 2. decreased vulnerability to cold. 3. increased perception of cold. 4. increased subcutaneous fat. Correct Answer-1 Heat stroke is a serious form of hyperthermia that is characterized by: 1. absence of sweating. 2. decrease in body temperature.3. increase in sweating. 4. nausea and vomiting. Correct Answer-1 A gerontological nurse is teaching dressing techniques to a patient with right hemiplegia and a severe speech impairment. An appropriate first step in the nurse's teaching would be to: 1. ask the patient to put on a shirt. 2. demonstrate the proper way to put on a shirt. 3. explain the difficulties in putting on a shirt. 4. give verbal instructions on dressing procedures. Correct Answer-2 Older adults with Parkinson disease exhibit: 1. confusion and depression. 2. dementia and hyperkinesia. 3. rigidity and tremor at rest. 4. weakness and tremor with movement. Correct Answer-3 To prevent injury, a gerontological nurse advises an older adult who is taking tricyclic antidepressants to:1. eat a diet high in roughage. 2. get an additional night light. 3. provide lubrication for the oral mucosa. 4. stand up slowly from sitting or lying positions. Correct Answer-4 Persons who are taking anticholinergic drugs are at high risk for: 1. cardiac arrhythmias. 2. dry mouth. 3. orthostatic hypotension. 4. slurred speech. Correct Answer-2 Age-related changes in which two organs most affect an older adult's reaction to medication? 1. Heart and lungs 2. Intestines and spleen 3. Liver and kidneys 4. Pancreas and gall bladder Correct Answer-3 Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) is hazardous for patients with:1. a history of coronary artery bypass graft. 2. a history of shingles. 3. heart failure and borderline hypotension. 4. Paget disease and hypertension. Correct Answer-3 A 78-year-old patient calls a telephone triage nurse and reports several falls after taking over-the-counter medication for a recent cold. Which medication contributed to the falls? 1. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 2. Ferrous sulfate 3. Guaifenesin (Robitussin) 4. Loratadine (Claritin) Correct Answer-1 Older adults who take the herbal supplement cascara sagrada are monitored for the presence of: 1. fever. 2. hypokalemia. 3. jaundice. 4. vertigo. Correct Answer-2A nursing home conducts a survey to evaluate nursing care. However, some residents did not express their concerns due to fear of reprisal by the staff. Which aspect of the evaluation is most affected? 1. Generalizability 2. Reliability 3. Statistical significance 4. Validity Correct Answer-4 A common side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors that frequently results in discontinuation of therapy is: 1. a dry, persistent cough. 2. exacerbation of heart failure. 3. sedation. 4. urinary incontinence. Correct Answer-1 A patient with Stage 2 Alzheimer disease visits the mental health clinic. During the interview, the patient becomes hostile and refuses to answer further questions. The gerontological nurse's best action is to: 1. ask if the questions upset the patient in any way.2. discontinue the interview. 3. explain that the information is needed to plan the patient's care. 4. ignore the patient's reaction and proceed. Correct Answer-2 A gerontological nurse at a nursing home conducts a reminiscence therapy group for residents with confusion. A member of the group stands up and says, "I just heard my cow. I have to go and milk her now." The nurse's most therapeutic response is: 1. "All right, you may leave the group now." 2. "Please tell us about your cow." 3. "That wasn't a cow; maybe you heard a vacuum cleaner." 4. "You live here at the nursing home now, not on the farm." Correct Answer-2 Reminiscence therapy promotes an older adult's sense of security by: 1. increasing socialization skills. 2. meshing the past with the future. 3. providing praise and recognition. 4. reviewing comforting memories. Correct Answer-4 A physician has just informed an older adult patient that test results indicate that thepatient has cancer and will require extensive surgery. The patient says, "I know the tests are wrong. I feel fine." The gerontological nurse's most appropriate response is to: 1. acknowledge that the patient looks healthy and encourage seeking a second opinion. 2. advise the patient to join a support group. 3. convey availability to talk to the patient. 4. tell the patient that the tests are reliable and accurate. Correct Answer-3 A 75-year-old patient who sustained a stroke has residual left-sided weakness. From the first day of hospitalization, the patient has been combative and demanding, and has refused to swallow any medication. The most constructive nursing action is to: 1. continue to attempt to follow the physician's orders. 2. determine the patient's premorbid personality. 3. restrain the patient and request a change in the route of medication. 4. wait for the patient to become more cooperative. Correct Answer-2 A healthy 80-year-old female patient complains that her skin feels dry and sometimes itchy. The gerontological nurse advises her to: 1. avoid scratching since breaks in the skin increase the risk of infection.2. drink more liquids and take showers instead of baths. 3. take fewer baths, use soap sparingly, and apply skin cream afterward. 4. wear cotton clothing and try a different brand of soap. Correct Answer-3 A 90-year-old patient with multiple medical problems is admitted to the hospital's geriatric care unit. The nursing assessment reveals lethargy, poor capillary perfusion, and urinary incontinence. These findings alert the gerontological nurse to the potential for: 1. aspiration. 2. contractures. 3. dehydration. 4. skin breakdown. Correct Answer-4 An 80-year-old patient complains of sleeping less despite spending more time in bed. The patient does not use alcohol, caffeine, or any medications other than acetaminophen for arthritis pain. The patient goes to bed at 11:00 pm, falls asleep in 15 minutes, awakens several times during the night, and promptly goes back to sleep. The patient feels refreshed in the morning and works five days a week as a volunteer. The gerontological nurse's most appropriate response is to:1. recommend that the patient eliminate fluid intake after 6:00 pm. 2. recommend that the patient go to bed one hour earlier. 3. suggest that the patient enroll in a sleep study. 4. tell the patient that the sleeping pattern is a normal age-related change. Correct Answer-4 Which signs are characteristic of deep vein thrombosis? 1. A cool, non-tender limb 2. Limb numbness with diaphoresis 3. Rapid onset of unilateral leg swelling with depe [Show More]

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