Pharmacology Flashcards | Rated A | Latest 2020 / 2021

Pharmacology Flashcards | Rated A | Latest 2020 / 2021 1. NERVOUS SYSTEM Benzodiazepines • Alprazolam • Diazepam • Lorazepam • Chlordiazepoxide • Sedation • Dependency/Withdrawal - Short term • Antidote is Flu ...

Pharmacology Flashcards | Rated A | Latest 2020 / 2021 1. NERVOUS SYSTEM Benzodiazepines • Alprazolam • Diazepam • Lorazepam • Chlordiazepoxide • Sedation • Dependency/Withdrawal - Short term • Antidote is Flumazenil Atypical Anxiolytics • Buspirone • No Sedation - No Dependency - Long term • Full effects take weeks • Take with meals SSRIs • Paroxetine • Sertraline • Fluoxetine • Insomnia • Watch for Serotonin Syndrome (Agitation, Hallucinations, Fever, Diaphoresis, Tremors) • Do Not Take With St. John’s Wort • Full Effects take months Atypical Antidepressants • Bupropion • Trazodone (Major Side Effect - Sedation) • Depression & Smoke Cessation • Insomnia, headache, GI Distress, Weight Loss, Agitation, Seizures TCAs • Amitriptyline • Imipramine • Sedation, orthostatic hypotension Anticholinergic Effects (Urinary Retention, Constipation, Dry Mouth, Blurry Vision, Photophobia) MAOIs • Phenelzine • Tranylcypromine • HTN Crisis • Do not eat foods with tyramine Mood Stabilizers • Lithium • Side Effects: GI Upset, Fine Hand Tremors (Coarse in Tox), Polyuria, Weight gain, Kidney Tox, Electrolyte imbalances • Monitor Plasma Levels: Tox over 1.5 mEq/L • Toxicity (Coarse hand tremors, confusion, hypotension, seizures, tinnitus • No diuretics, Anticholinergics or NSAIDs • Contraindicated in Renal Disease • Closely monitor NA, Drink 2-3 L of water Antiepileptics (Bipolar Disorder) • Carbamazepine (Blood Issues (Anemia, Thrombocytopenia & Leukopenia), Vision Issues & Rash) • Valproic Acid (GI Upset, Hepatotoxicity, Pancreatitis, Thrombocytopenia) Antipsychotics • Chlorpromazine • Haloperidol • EPS, NMS, Agranulocytosis, Anticholinergic Effects, Sedation • Monitor Vitals 1-2 hours • Benztropine can control EPS • Dantrolene can control NMS Atypical Antipsychotics • Risperidone (IM q 2 weeks for non-compliance) • Clozapine (Agranulocytosis) • Olanzapine • Diabetes, Weight Gain, Increased Cholesterol, Sedation, Anticholinergic Effects • Avoid Alcohol ADHD Meds • Methylphenidate • Amphetamine • Insomnia, Dysrhythmias, Decreased Appetite, Weight Loss • Do not give at night • Give Immediately Before/After Meals • Monitor Child’s Weight Alcohol Abuse (Withdrawal) *Withdrawal Starts Within 4-12 Hours of Last Drink *Peaks at 24-48 Hours • Benzodiazepines - Stabilizes vitals, Decrease Seizures • Carbamazepine - Decreases Seizures • Clonidine - Decreases BP & HR • Beta Blockers - Decreases BP, HR, & Cravings Alcohol Abuse (Abstinence) • Disulfiram - Vomit • Naltrexone - Decreases Cravings • Acamprosate - Decreases Abstinence Symptoms Opioid & Nicotine Withdrawal Opioid • Methadone - Used for Withdrawal & Long-Term Nicotine • Bupropion • Nicotine Replacements - Gum, Patch, Nasal Spray • Varenicline - Reduces Cravings/Withdrawal; monitor for depression Cholinergics • Neostigmine • Pyridostigmine • Edrophonium (Used to Diagnose MG vs. Cholinergic Crisis) • Myasthenia Gravis, Reverses Nerve Blocks • Increased Salivation, Diarrhea, Nausea/Vomiting, Sweating, Bradycardia • Antidote is Atropine Anti Parkinson’s (Dopamine Agonist) • Levodopa/Carbidopa • N/V, Drowsiness, Tics, Orthostatic Hypotension, Darkening of urine/sweat • Do not take with High Protein Meals, can take with other meals Anti Parkinson’s (Anticholinergic) • Benztropine • Anticholinergic Effects (Dry mouth, Dry Eyes, Blurry Vision, Urinary Retention) Antiepileptics • Phenytoin • Lamotrigine • Carbamazepine • Valproic Acid • Gingival Hyperplasia, double vision, rash, ataxia • Narrow Therapeutic Range - Monitor Levels • Decreases Oral Contraceptives