WGU D027 Study Guide Latest Update Already Graded A+

WGU D027 Study Guide Latest Update Already Graded A 21st Trisomy Correct Answer- Down Syndrome Ace Inhibiters (ACEI) *pril Correct Answer- reduce angiotensin II, increase bradykinin, hyperkalemia, dry cough, angioede ...

WGU D027 Study Guide Latest Update Already Graded A 21st Trisomy Correct Answer- Down Syndrome Ace Inhibiters (ACEI) *pril Correct Answer- reduce angiotensin II, increase bradykinin, hyperkalemia, dry cough, angioedema; contraindicated in pregnancy (fetal death), first dose causes severe hypotension, can cause renal failure Alpha Thalassemia Correct Answer- inherited blood disorder; mild to severe anemia Alternatives to gabapentin for neuropathic pain Correct Answer- Cymbalta (duloxetine) and Lyrica (pregabalin) Amoxicillin Correct Answer- first line of treatment for uncomplicated otitis media in pediatric patient without comorbidities Angiotensin II Correct Answer- vasocontraction; increased bp by acting on adrenal cortex secreting aldosterone Anticoagulants Correct Answer- Warfarin, heparin, lovenox; Caution about hemorrhage, any patients with risks for bleeding Antiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBS) Correct Answer- Sartan; blocks action of angiotensin II, second choice if cannot tolerate ACE for htn and HF Appropriate antibiotic for use in pregnancy for treatment of UTI Correct Answer- one time dose of Fosfomycin, cephalexin also appropriate. AVOID: nitrofurantoin ad bactrim. DO NOT USE: PCNasthma Correct Answer- chronic inflammatory obstruction of bronchi; trigger causing mucus clogging bronchial tubes; is reversable, give beta antagonists and steroids At Risk for HF - Stage A Correct Answer- no structural heart disease or symptoms of heart failure At Risk for HF - Stage B Correct Answer- structural heart disease but no symptoms of heart failure Ataxia in pediatric patient Correct Answer- genetic predisposition, Fragile X syndrome, PraderWillie Syndrome Autosomal Dominant Correct Answer- 1 parent has, 50% change of child having Autosomal Recessive Correct Answer- Both parents are carriers, 25% change of child having, 50% chance child is a carrier. B&T lymphocytes Correct Answer- immune response Back pain treatment Correct Answer- first 4-6 weeks no imaging needed unless neurologic involved; give NSAIDS and rest, is the #1/2 reason for visits to PCP Beta Blockers Correct Answer- prevent chemical messengers; slow HR, relax vessels, lower BP, Class II antidysrhythmic drug Beta Thallasemia Correct Answer- low hemoglobin; contraindicated medication ferrous sulfate BNP Correct Answer- gold standard lab test to diagnose CHFbroken heart syndrome Correct Answer- mimics MI, no coronary obstruction Bronchitis Correct Answer- excess mucus production, smooth muscle hypertrophy Bronchodilators (Beta 2-Adrenergic Agonists) Correct Answer- provide symptomatic relief, do not effect inflammation of disease process; taken PRN during attack (Albuterol), long actinb Beta2 can be used in combo with glucocorticoids Buspirone Correct Answer- treats anxiety, not a benzo Calcium Channel Blockers Correct Answer- vasodilation of arterioles and heart, class IV antidysrhythmic drug Cardiac glycosides (Digoxin) Correct Answer- Increased myocardial contractile force (increases output), used in ED, exerts positive inotropic action, can cause severe dysrhythmias Cardio selective beta blockers Correct Answer- metoprolol - only beta-1 receptors affected Cervical cancer screening Correct Answer- 21 - 64 cytology every 3 years, 30-64 cytology and HPV every 5 years CHF Correct Answer- heart cannot keep up with metabolic needs; volume overload in pulmonary area Chlorpromazine Correct Answer- treats schizophrenia Color blindness genetic component Correct Answer- x-linked, only comes from mother, 50% chance; gene: OPN1MW on chromosome 23Crohn's Disease Correct Answer- a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon; has skip lesions Cystic Fibrosis Correct Answer- affects pancreas causing secretions in lungs Diabetes diagnosis Correct Answer- Hgb A1C is most reliable assessment of blood glucose over 3 month period. Poor control is >9%, goal is <6.5% in healthy people Diagnosing lung cancer Correct Answer- chest x-ray, mutation in EFGR (gene mutation in people who have never smoked) Diagnosing pneumonia Correct Answer- Chest X-ray: viral - diffuse widespread whitening; bacterial - patchy, consolidated, lobar Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease Correct Answer- test blood and stool, X-ray of upper and lower GI with possible contrast, colonoscopy and upper endoscopy, small bowel tissue demonstrates cobble stoning under microscope Diagnostic labs for ulcerative colitis Correct Answer- CBC, CRP, ESR, LFT, electrolyte panel, and ANA (antinuclear antibody) Diastolic CHF Correct Answer- preserved ejection fraction, problem is with filling Diazepam (Valium) Correct Answer- 1st choice treatment for anxiety, is a benzodiazepam Digoxin Dosing Correct Answer- therapeutic - 0.5-0.8 ng/ml. ASSESS apical pulse before administering, If lethargic and not acting right, see patient FIRSTdihydropyridines CCB Correct Answer- *ine, vasodilators used to treat htn and angina Diuretics Correct Answer- 2 hours after oral intake, peaks at 4-6 hours, lasts 12 hours Drug of choice for pediatric UTI with no comorbidities Correct Answertrimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra); alternatives: augmentin, cephalosporins Echocardiogram Correct Answer- Diagnostic tool, evaluates heart structure and function Ejection fraction of 50% - reduced or preserved? Correct Answer- preserved Emphysema Correct Answer- destruction of alveolar walls; air goes into lungs, can't get out; leads to hyperinflation End of Life care Correct Answer- optimize patient's comfort and function while avoiding unnecessary side effects First line of depression treatment Correct Answer- SSRIs - low side effects with good effectiveness first line treatment for uncomplicated HTN Correct Answer- hydrochlorothiazide, oral with lifestyle changes Florinef Correct Answer- Used to treat conditions which glucocorticoids are low. These conditions include Addison's disease, adrenocortical insufficiency. *Also treats orthostatic hypotension; Side effects: nausea, headache, sleep problems, mood chang