KPER 3470 Midterm 1, Questions with accurate answers, Graded A+

KPER 3470 Midterm 1 Where and how much can glucose be stored - ✔✔Muscle, as glycogen - 1600kcal or in liver, 400 kcal how many atp does etc produce - ✔✔32 atp Where do lipids store glycerol - ✔✔in adipose tissue Pyr ...

KPER 3470 Midterm 1 Where and how much can glucose be stored - ✔✔Muscle, as glycogen - 1600kcal or in liver, 400 kcal how many atp does etc produce - ✔✔32 atp Where do lipids store glycerol - ✔✔in adipose tissue Pyruvate - ✔✔3 carbon, end product of glycolysis, if there is enough O2 it goes to mitochondria, if not it becomes lactate VO2 and what it depends on - ✔✔rate of o2 consumption - energy demands, 02 delivery to mito, ability of mito to convert atp SV - ✔✔amount of blood ejected by heart per min FICK - ✔✔rate of consumption/production - flow times difference 2 ways to measure vo2 - ✔✔1. blood- co2 x difference of o2 content vs artieral and venous blood 2. respired air - min ventilation x dif in o2 content w/ inspired and expired air what determines how efficent atp delivery is - ✔✔enzyme acitvity and # of mito what does vo2 depend on - ✔✔o2 delivery and o2 metablosim (effect of training) Hematocrit - ✔✔% of blood with rbc, 40% EXAM - how are the e in etc removed - ✔✔by oxygen atoms how many connections does H,O,N,C - ✔✔1,2,3,4 TG - ✔✔one glycerol and 3 fa, fa are always same 3, always even amount of carbon what kind of reaction is phosphorlylation - ✔✔anaerobic alactic, one chemical reaction what are the 4 roles of carbs - ✔✔energy, protein spacer, metabolic primer, cns fuel recommended carb intake - ✔✔40-50% of cal, up to 70% if active 6-10 g per kg what does intense and light exercise rely on - ✔✔intense: carbslight; fat Glycogenolysis, and what is this stimulated by - ✔✔breakdown of glycogen to glucose, stimulated by increase in glucagon, epinephrine and norepinephrine, decrease in insulin Recommended Lipid Intake - ✔✔No more than 30% of daily calories Roles of lipids - ✔✔Energy source, hunger depressor, insulation, protection, vitamin carrier Lipoproteins - ✔✔chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL - exogenous transport from intestines to liver recommended protein intake - ✔✔.83g/kg of body , 1.2-1.8 when intensely active 3 sources of body protien - ✔✔blood plasma, muscle, viscera tissue protein metabolism - ✔✔aa undergos deamination, nitrogen is removed to form UREA, whats left can be converted to a different aa, carb,fat, energy 7 steps in glycemic index primer - important - ✔✔eat food digest increase in blood glucose insulin is now secreted into blood insulin facilitates glucose uptake from blood to cells decrease in blood glucose decrease in insulin secretion *have a pic* 3 things to optimal diet - ✔✔balance, variety, moderation men and lady cals - ✔✔men- 3000 women - 2000 What should lipid intake be based on - ✔✔1. personal taste 2. $ 3. geographic 4. avability of lipid rich foods Pre comp meal - ✔✔high carb, low others, 1-4 hours prior, 150-300g of carbs during exercise eat what - ✔✔60 g hourlypost comp meal - ✔✔carb rich, HIGH GLYCEMIC FOODS TO SPEED UP GLYCOGEN REPLENISHMENT, slow is usually better for health bc of insulin, do not want to overwork pancreas high med and low gi foods why is high bad - ✔✔high - rice, glucose med - corn, bran low, fruit, fructose - high is bad bc undershot of blood glucose, more insulin and sugar crashes - look at graph glucose and insulin interaction - ✔✔1. glucose ingestion 2. glycemic response: glucose appears in blood 3. GLUT 1 or 4 (horomone release), insulin secretion, INSULINEMIC RESPONSE 4. response: blood glucose uptake into muscles = decreased blood glucose overall: when glucose is increased, insulin response increases what should you eat pre workout, during and after - ✔✔pre: low/med gi during: mod/hi after: mod/hi to help for cho replinshment after prolonged exercise why does consuming food after exercise increase cellular uptake of glucose - ✔✔due to increased: GLUT 1/4 activity, insulin levels and glycogen synthase activity GLUT 1/4 - stored where and does what? - ✔✔- stored in adipose tissues and muscle fibers - facilitates glucose transport G1: active @ basal levels G4: stimulated by exercise and insulin Glucose and h20 uptake - ✔✔- influence each other - need similar osmoslarities for absorption to occur - large fluid vol impairs carb uptake -h2o reabsorbed into GI tract to decrease sugar concentration Rehydration - what will adding NA help with - ✔✔.4-.6l before exercise, then .25l every 15 min ,ideal has 5-8% carbs - adding some NA will help HYPONATREMIA RISK define energy and bioenergetics - ✔✔- the capacity for work - flow and energy exchange within a living system 1st law of thermodynamics - ✔✔Energy cannot be created or destroyed, the body does not produce or use energy, it transforms it from one state into another* think of the closed room experiment* system total energy - ✔✔potential energy + kinetic energy P: relates to structure or position K: relates to energy of motion with the release of heat Biosynthesis - ✔✔- energy that is bound in a substance, directly transfers to other substances, to increase their potential en