HPEX 375 Exercise Physiology Test 1, Questions with accurate answers, Ratedc A+

HPEX 375 Exercise Physiology Test 1 What factors affect performance? - ✔✔CNS function, strength/skill (practice), genetics (body type, muscle fiber type), environment (altitude, heat, humidity), energy production (ana ...

HPEX 375 Exercise Physiology Test 1 What factors affect performance? - ✔✔CNS function, strength/skill (practice), genetics (body type, muscle fiber type), environment (altitude, heat, humidity), energy production (anaerobic sources [PC, glycolysis], aerobic sources [VO2 max, Q, O2 delivery, Hb, PO2, O2 extraction, mitochondria]), diet (carbohydrate, H2O intake) Who is A.V. Hill? - ✔✔From England, won Nobel Prize for measurement of heat production during musc. contraction and recovery as well as measurement of O2 uptake. Developed the terms steady state exercise, VO2 max, O2 debt, and metabolic efficiency. Who is Otto Meyerhof? - ✔✔From Germany, won Nobel Prize for discovering the relationship between O2 consumption and lactic acid Who is August Krogh? - ✔✔From Denmark, won the Nobel Prize for key work in capillary circ. and gas diffusion as well as study of gase exchange. Designed ex. phys. instruments. Lawrence Henderson - ✔✔Biochem. professor at Harvard Med. School, opened the Harvard Fatigue Lab in the US in 1927. D.B. Dill - ✔✔Scientific director of Harvard Fatigue Lab. for all 20 years of it being open What did the autopsies of young soldiers from the Korean war show in the 1950s? - ✔✔Significant coronary artery disease had already developed What is the AAPHERD Youth Fitness Test? - ✔✔It was developed in 1957 and used in physical ed. programs throughout the nation. It established national norms. During WWII, being underweight and small were the main reasons for being rejected from the military. What are the main reasons for rejection today? - ✔✔Obesity Why are people growing more and more interested in fitness today? - ✔✔The interest is due to growing concern over the high death rates from diseases that are caused (in part) by poor diet, lack of exercise, and smoking. How do schools today measure fitness? - ✔✔Instead of traditional tests, schools today use health-related fitness tests, like the skinfold est. of body fat. Independent variable (IV) - ✔✔manipulated by researcher Dependent variable (DV) - ✔✔changes as a function of the IVHomeostasis - ✔✔Maintenance of a constant and "normal" internal environment Steady state - ✔✔Physiological variable is unchanging, but not necessarily "normal." Balance between demands placed on body and the body's response to those demands. Ex. body temp., aterial BP What happens to body temp. during exercise? - ✔✔It rises and then reaches a plateau or steady state What happens to arterial BP at rest? - ✔✔It oscillates, but has a constant mean pressure Biological control system - ✔✔Composed of a receptor, a control center, and an effector. Usually responsible for protein breakdown and synthesis, energy production, and maintenance of stored nutrients Sensor/receptor - ✔✔Detects changes in variable Control center - ✔✔Assesses input and initiates response Effector - ✔✔Changes internal environment back to normal Most control systems work via - ✔✔Negative feedback Gain of the system - ✔✔The degree to which a control system maintains homeostasis. Positive feedback - ✔✔Response increases original stimulus. Ex. childbirth. How does exercise interrupt homeostasis - ✔✔By changing pH, O2 and CO2 levels, and temp. Acclimation - ✔✔The change that occurs in response to repeated stresses and results in the improved function of an existing homeostatic system Cell signaling - ✔✔A system of communication that governs cellular acitivities and coordinate cell action What major cell signaling mechanisms participate in the regulation of homeostasis and are required to regulate cellular adaptation? - ✔✔Intracrine signaling, juxtacrine signaling, autocrine signaling, paracrine signaling, endocrine signaling Metabolism - ✔✔Sum of all chem. reactions that occur in body.Anabolic reactions - ✔✔synthesis of molecules Catabolic reactions - ✔✔breakdown of molecules Bioenergetics - ✔✔Converting food (fat, protein, carbs) into energy Cell membrane - ✔✔protectice barrier between the inside of the cell and the ECF Nucleus - ✔✔Contains genes that regulate protein synthesis Cytoplasm - ✔✔fluid portion of cell, contains organelles Endergonic reactions - ✔✔Require energy to be added (endothermic)