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A 55-year-old man went to see his doctor for a routine physical. The man's father had died from a heart attack at the age of 62, the man's older brother had died from a heart attack at age 63, and t ... he man's grandfather had died from a heart attack at the age of 60. Therefore, the man inferred that he too could possibly die of a heart attack at a relatively young age based upon the assumption that genetic heart problems run in his family. Which one of the following statements would help evaluate the validity of this assumption? Correct Answer- The man's deceased relatives were heavy smokers; he does not smoke. A city has recently built a new sports arena in a downtown urban area that already has parking problems. The residents of the downtown area where the sports arena has been built have proposed that the city issue the residents parking permits and designate the majority of the parking spaces in the area of the arena as "permit-parking only," so residents are not inconvenienced by the arena. What primary questions would the city want to ask to measure the implications of this solution? Correct Answer- Have we identified the negative implications of the proposed solution? Have we identified the positive implications of the proposed solutions? Have we considered all significant implications known at this time? Have we identified the parties who could be affected by this solution and considered the implications to them? A journalist is preparing to write a story about the pros and cons of the new alcohol restriction proposals in the state.What is the logical first step in the process of analyzing the issue? Correct Answer- Clarify the question at issue. A local school board is trying to decide whether to fund a new after-school reading program for struggling students. Which of the following sources would likely be relevant to the decision being made? Correct Answer- The website of an educational company that sells reading curriculum products to schools and teachers. A study done by the U.S. Department of Education showing the effectiveness of after-school reading programs in 30 different school districts. A recent article in the New York Times stated that more than 1,200 deaths—1 in every 6—of the developmentally disabled in state and privately run group homes were due to unnatural or unknown causes. Investigators for the paper have been looking for causes for such a high death rate. What approaches might the investigators take if they were using the common factor method? Correct Answer- They might look for shared characteristics in the types of disabilities of the deceased. They might look for shared characteristics among the staff members caring for the deceased such as hours worked, years of experience, etc A recent study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found that people who spend most of their days in a job that requires sitting have a higher mortality rate than those whose jobs require more movement. The study found that even for people who exercise regularly, spending long stretches of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. The study found that within four hours of sitting, the body begins to send harmful signals and the genes that regulate glucose and fat begin to shut down. The researchers suggest that even small movements such as standing to watch a child's soccer game or pacing while talking on the phone can make a big difference. While most consider this an individual problem, the obesity-related illnesses caused by too much sitting have a social impact in terms of health care availability and health care costs for all citizens.Which of the following are plausible solutions to the social problems that result from having a population that sits too much? Correct Answer- Create government incentives to encourage the creation of academic and work environments that promote movement and discourage sitting for long periods. Enact national, state, and local educational campaigns to encourage people to sit less. As an aide to a state senator, you are asked to provide research on the controversial topic of the medical use of marijuana for an upcoming vote. The senator has not yet decided which way she will vote, so she is relying on your research to make a decision. The vote is only two days away, so you will not be able to read everything available on the topic, but before you pass the information along to the senator, you want to be sure you have sufficient information on the topic. Which of the following questions would help you determine if your research meets the standard of sufficiency? Correct Answer- Have I identified all significant implications of the arguments? Have I clarified the main concepts of the arguments? Have I considered multiple, diverse points of view? For many years, scientists have been trying to explain why Kenyans often win marathons. Some believe it is because many Kenyan runners come from regions with high altitudes. Others believe it is because the Kenyan culture values running. Still other theories say genetics is the major factor, although the runners themselves claim it is only training and hard work that matters. What unstated assumptions can be found in the reasoning above? Correct Answer- Anyone who trains properly and works hard can win a marathon. A person genetically built for long-distance running is more likely to win a marathon.How could one use the standards of critical thinking to justify clergy privilege, the muchdiscussed and controversial legal protection of the confidentiality between clergy and penitent? Correct Answer- The ethics regarding the practice of free religion are relevant in the creation of the legal policy. How might one go about reading a daily newspaper with as little influence from biased reporting as possible? Correct Answer- Deconstruct news stories and reconstruct them with alternative biases and slants. In light of having many students in the classroom who do not seem well prepared in the basics of good writing, a writing instructor has decided to redevelop the curriculum for freshman composition next semester. Which two questions should the teacher consider in order to employ the element of critical thinking in this problem? Correct Answer- What is the purpose of having basic good writing skills? What steps have my colleagues locally and nationally taken to address the issue? In which of the following situations would it be most appropriate to apply critical thinking? Correct Answer- Determining the best way to design a college campus. Last week, a large school district had called a special school board meeting at the request of a parent/teacher group to discuss sex education in the high schools. Five years ago, the school board had made a decision with pressure from parents to teach "abstinence only" as its only form of sex education. Since that time, teen pregnancy in the school district has increased 23 percent and sexually transmitted diseases have also increased. The parent/teacher group is split almost evenly. Some of them believe that "abstinence only" is working and other factors are to blame for the increases; others believe that the abstinence only education has failed, and they are requesting that additional sex education be considered. After continued discussions, school board has just released its decision to include education about contraception and birth control as well as sexual development and reproduction in its sex education courses.Based on the evidence, what solid reasoning did the city council use to arrive at this solution? Correct Answer- Although other factors may come into play, a broader approach to sex education may help mitigate all factors at play. Match the point of view with its discipline or professi [Show More]

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