UNBC Psych 102 Midterm 2 Quiz Questions (Ch 12-14), Questions with accurate answers, Rated A

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UNBC Psych 102 Midterm 2 Quiz Questions (Ch 12-14), Questions with accurate answers, Rated A Which of the following refers to a coping strategy that uses positive feelings or outlooks to reduce p ... ainful emotions? - ✔✔emotion-focused coping (Ch 12.1) There are several ways that researchers approach the study of stress. What is the way that focuses on identifying different types of stressful events, specifically those most people would find dangerous or unpredictable? - ✔✔stressors as stimuli (Ch 12.1) Deciding whether an event is harmful or threatening to us represents __________, whereas deciding how well we can cope with that event represents __________. - ✔✔primary appraisal; secondary appraisal (Ch 12.1) Which research method provides a more in-depth picture of life stress than self-reported measures do? - ✔✔interview-based (Ch 12.1) Which scale measures how stressors ranging from small annoyances to major daily pressures affect our ability to adjust? - ✔✔Hassels Scale (Ch 12.1) During which phase of Hans Selye's general adaption syndrome does a person adapt to the stressor and find a way to cope with it? - ✔✔resistance (Ch 12.2) Because stress can be a positive force as well as a negative one, Selye coined the term __________ to mean positive or good stress. - ✔✔eustress (Ch 12.2) A common pattern of reacting to stress, especially among women, is __________. - ✔✔tend & befriend (Ch 12.2) In a study of 2752 adults in New York after the 9/11 attacks, people were judged to be resilient if they __________ PTSD symptoms in the first six months after the attack. By this measure, 65.1 percent of the sample populations fit the qualifications for resiliency. - ✔✔reported 0-1 (Ch 12.2) Which hormone plays a key role in love and emotional bonding and helps reduce stress? - ✔✔Oxytocin (Ch 12.2) The type of problem-focused approach that lets you step up and take an action to prevent a stressful situation or reduce its impact is known as __________ control. - ✔✔behavioural control (Ch 12.3) The relationships we maintain with other individuals and with groups that give us emotional comfort as well as personal and sometimes financial resources are collectively known as __________. - ✔✔sources of social support (Ch 12.3) When we are able to think differently about the negative emotions that come up during a stressful incident, we are exerting __________. - ✔✔cognitive control (Ch 12.3) Which of the types of people would be predicted to be more productive, focused, persistent, and better at handling frustration, according to research findings you read about in this chapter? - ✔✔optimistic/optimist (Ch 12.3) The popular idea that __________, expressing extreme emotions about painful feelings, is always beneficial has been challenged by research showing that although it may make us feel better in the short-term, it can actually make things worse in the long-term. - ✔✔catharsis (Ch 12.3) Which disorder can damage the human immune system is caused by a virus? - ✔✔AIDS (Ch 12.4) __________ examines the relationship between the immune system and the central nervous system. - ✔✔psychoneuroimmunology (Ch 12.4) What aspect of the human body can be negatively affected by stress but strengthened by positive emotions and social support? - ✔✔immune system (Ch 12.4) Which of the following was found to be caused by Helicobacter pylori rather than by stress, as was believed for decades? - ✔✔ulcers (Ch 12.4) Of the different Type A personality traits, identified as a risk factor in coronary heart disease (CHD), which trait have researchers found to be most predictive of developing CHD? - ✔✔hostility (Ch 12.4) There are several behaviours that contribute to a healthy lifestyle. The textbook authors recommend limiting alcohol consumption, engaging in exercise, achieving a healthy weight, and __________. - ✔✔quitting smoking (Ch 12.5) If they do not suffer from the complications that have been commonly associated with obesity, such as uncontrolled diabetes or high blood pressure, obese people live __________. - ✔✔as long as lean people (Ch 12.5) Which of the following is a reason that as many as 80 percent of people do not follow their physician's recommendations to exercise, quit smoking, improve their diet, or take prescribed medicines? - ✔✔misestimating risk (Ch 12.5) Contrary to popular belief, scientific research shows that __________ does not slow cognitive decline in aging adults. - ✔✔ginkgo biloba (Ch 12.5) An alternative approach to medical treatment based on the notion that "like cures like" is called __________. - ✔✔homeopathy (Ch 12.5) Peterson and Seligman surveyed character strengths both before and after the terrorist attacks of 9/11. What did they discover? - ✔✔kindness, teamwork, and gratitude increased after attacks (CH 12) After Roseanne was diagnosed with high blood pressure, she started an exercise program and changed her diet to cut down on salt. According to the stress as transaction view, what term best describes Roseanne's behaviour? - ✔✔problem-focused coping (CH 12) Which stress hormones activate the body in times of stress? - ✔✔corticosteroids (CH 12) According to the GAS proposed by Selye, the excitation of the autonomic nervous system takes place in which stage? - ✔✔alarm reaction (CH 12) According to research by George Bonanno and colleagues, what is the most common response to a traumatic event? - ✔✔resilience (CH 12) After being honourably discharged from the military, Reggie was troubled by nightmares and flashbacks of his experiences in a combat zone. He often felt emotionally numb and disconnected from family and friends, and was easily startled by harmless stimuli like a phone ringing. Which term best characterizes Reggie's experience? - ✔✔post-traumatic stress disorder (CH 12) What did the experiment by Ikemi and Nakagawa involving the poison ivy leaves demonstrate? - ✔✔our minds can create and combat physical symptoms (CH 12) Which term refers to authentic illnesses like ulcers in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravate physical conditions? - ✔✔psychophysiological (CH 12) Which lifestyle risk factor is associated with coronary heart disease? - ✔✔working at a stressful job with dissatisfaction (CH 12) According to researchers in the United States and Iceland, students were less likely to develop drinking problems in what circumstance? - ✔✔they had a problem-focused coping techniques (CH 12) Bettina had a difficult time adjusting to university, and her first-year grades were much lower than the grades she had always received in high school. By the middle of her second year, she was in danger of failing most of her classes. By then Bettina was rarely attending class, spending most of her time surfing the Internet, watching television, and hanging around at the mall. What kind of coping mechanism was Bettina using? - ✔✔avoidance-oriented coping (CH 12) What does recent research indicate about crisis debriefing? - ✔✔it may actually increase the risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (CH 12) According to Susan Nolen-Hoeksema, why do women have higher rates of depression compared to men? - ✔✔they engage in rumination (CH 12) What amount of moderate physical activity is recommended for good overall health? - ✔✔30 minutes on most days (CH 12) Health psychologists have developed a variety of health-related prevention programs for children and adolescents. Of the following, which program has been proven generally unsuccessful despite being implemented nationwide? - ✔✔a substance abuse prevention program for students in grades 5 and 6 that uses police officers (CH 12) Which statement is true regarding vitamins and dietary supplements? - ✔✔High doses of vitamin E can increase the risk of death from many causes. (CH 12) Which term refers to the belief that because a remedy is "natural'' it must also be safe? - ✔✔the natural commonplace (CH 12) Historically speaking, why did chiropractors manipulate the spine? - ✔✔to restore the nervous and immune systems to proper functioning (CH 12) Compared with relaxation training, how does biofeedback rate in terms of reducing stress and relieving physical symptoms? - ✔✔it is equally as effective (CH 12) Which form of treatment includes the insertion of thin needles into specific body areas, known as meridians? - ✔✔acupuncture (CH 12) The study of how people influence the behaviour, attitudes, and beliefs of others is called __________. - ✔✔social psychology (CH 13.1) Which of the following is the theory that suggests people seek to evaluate their own beliefs and abilities by comparing them with those of others? - ✔✔social comparison theory (CH 13.1) From an evolutionary perspective, irrational behaviours based in blind obedience and leading to dangerous results are by-products of basically __________ processes that have gone terribly wrong. - ✔✔adaptive processes (CH 13.1) Urban legends, mass hysteria, and UFO sightings are all examples of __________. - ✔✔social contagion (CH 13.1) Because of __________, we tend to assign causality too readily to a person's disposition, and underestimate the impact of situational influences on their behaviour. - ✔✔the fundamental attribution error (CH 13.1) What did Solomon Asch discover in his famous experiment on judging the lengths of lines? - ✔✔Many people conformed to the opinions of a group, despite those opinions being obviously wrong. (CH 13.2) Barnabas is asked to play the role of a prison guard in a realistic simulation of an actual prison setting. Over time, what do you predict Barnabas's behaviour will be like in this environment? - ✔✔he will adopt many of the mannerisms, attitudes & behaviours of actual prison guards (CH 13.2) The tendency for group members to strive for consensus and agreement at the expense of realistically considering other viewpoints and relevant information is called __________. - ✔✔groupthink (CH 13.2) Which term means "adherence to instructions from those of higher authority"? - ✔✔obedience (CH 13.2) How many participants administered at least some electrical shock to the "learners" in Stanley Milgram's original obedience experiment? - ✔✔1OO% of participants (CH 13.2) The more people who are around you in an emergency, the less likely it is that one of them will offer assistance. What produces this curious and disturbing finding? - ✔✔diffusion of responsibility (CH 13.3 Which term refers to the tendency of people to slack off when they are supposed to be working as part of a group? - ✔✔social loafing (CH 13.3) Help offered for unselfish reasons, without the expectation of reward, personal gain, or self-satisfaction, is called __________. - ✔✔altruism (CH 13.3) The presence of __________, such as guns or knives, can make people more likely to act violently when provoked. - ✔✔agressive cues (CH 13.3) Males tend to exhibit more __________, whereas females tend to exhibit more __________. - ✔✔males = physical aggression females = relational aggression (CH 13.3) People who tend to be social chameleons, matching their behaviour and professed attitudes to those of other people around them, are likely to be __________. - ✔✔high self-monitors (CH 13.4) In a study of the theory of __________, participants who ate fried grasshoppers were more likely to say the bugs were tasty if a friendly person was distributing the "treat" than if an unfriendly person was. - ✔✔theory of cognitive dissonance (CH 13.4) Britney has announced to her friends that she wants to exercise more this semester. As her friends head off to the school gym, she flips on the television and settles in for a night of relaxed inactivity. Which of the following terms describes her mental state at the moment? - ✔✔cognitive dissonance (CH 13.4) When we focus on the informational content of an argument and determine if it holds up under scrutiny, we are using the __________ of the dual process model of persuasion. This way works well when we have plenty of time and results in strongly held, relatively enduring attitudes. - ✔✔central route (CH 13.4) The method of getting someone to agree to give something small, such as an hour of volunteer time or a few dollars to charity, in order to put her in the frame of mind to give something larger later on is called the __________ technique. - ✔✔foot-in-the-door technique (CH 13.4) In what Thomas Pettigrew called __________, people make the mistake of attributing negative behaviour they associate with a particular group to aspects of their disposition. - ✔✔the ultimate attribution error (CH 13.5) A belief, positive or negative, that members of a group share certain characteristics is called a __________. - ✔✔stereotype (CH 13.5) [Show More]

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