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6531 Combined midterm and final review

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6531 Combined midterm and final review A health care provider in a clinic finds a patient in a room, unresponsive and pale. Which sign should be used to identify the need to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)? Evaluation of peripheral perfusion and level of consciousness Obtaining a history of previous myocardial infarction Determination of pulselessness or bradycardia Assessment of gasping breaths or not breathing CORRECT ANSWER Assessment of gasping breaths or not breathing An African-American patient who is being treated with a thiazide diuretic for chronic hypertension reports blurred vision and shortness of breath. The provider notes a blood pressure of 185/115. What is the recommended action for this patient? Increase the dose of the thiazide medication Add a beta blocker to the patient's regimen Admit to the hospital for evaluation and treatment Prescribe a calcium channel blocker CORRECT ANSWER Admit to the hospital for evaluation and treatment A patient reports sustained, irregular heart palpitations. What is the most likely cause of these symptoms? Atrial fibrillation Anemia Extrasystole Paroxysmal attacks CORRECT ANSWER Atrial fibrillation A patient has a cardiac murmur that peaks in midsystole and is best heard along the left sternal border. The provider determines that the murmur decreases in intensity when the patient changes from standing to squatting and increases in intensity with the Valsalva maneuver. Which cause will the provider suspect for this murmur? Aortic stenosis Tricuspid regurgitation Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Mitral valve prolapse CORRECT ANSWER Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy A patient is brought to an emergency department with symptoms of acute ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI). The nearest hospital that can perform percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is 3 hours away. What is the initial treatment for this patient? Give the patient an oral beta blocker Transfer to the PCI-capable institution Administer heparin Initiate fibrinolytic treatment CORRECT ANSWER Initiate fibrinolytic treatment Patients who meet the criteria for statin therapy to help prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are those with a history of (Select all that apply.) previous myocardial infarction. a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level >190 mg/dL. diabetes and an LDL between 40 and 70 mg/dL. a 10 year risk score of 8% with an LDL of 80 mg/dL. a 10 year risk score of 5% and an LDL of 165 mg/dL. CORRECT ANSWER previous myocardial infarction. a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level >190 mg/dL. a 10 year risk score of 8% with an LDL of 80 mg/dL. A 75-year-old patient reports pain and a feeling of tiredness in both legs that only relieves after sitting for 30 minutes or more. What the does provider suspect as the cause for these symptoms? Buerger's disease Cauda equina syndrome Diabetic neuropathy Peripheral arterial disease CORRECT ANSWER Cauda equina syndrome Which are causes of secondary hypertension? (Select all that apply.) Oral contraceptives Isometic excercises NSAIDS Sleep apnea Increased salt intake CORRECT ANSWER Oral contraceptives NSAIDS Sleep apnea

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