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NR 507 Midterm: Chamberlin Uni exam

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NR 507 Midterm: Chamberlin Uni exam Glomerulonephritis -Correct ans--The glomerular-capillaries can trap blood-borne Ab & Ag-Ab complexes - Causes: PRIMARY: infection, drugs, toxins, vascular diso ... rders, ischemia, immunologic responses, free radicals. SECONDARY: DM, CHF, HIV, Lupus Triggering event (infection)- Ag-Ab complex formation & deposition in glomerulusActivation of complement system & WBC infiltration- Glomerular injury & leakageProteinuria/hematuria- edema, increase creat, azotemia, oliguria OR after glomerular injury & leakage- Coagulation cascade activation & FIbrin depositionDecreased capillary perfusion- decreased GFR- edema, increase creat, azotemia, oliguria S1 -Correct ans---Closing of mitral and tricuspid valve - Beginning of systole S2 -Correct ans--- Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valve - End of systole Valvular stenosis -Correct ans--the valve orifice is constricted and narrowed, impeding the forward flow of blood and increasing the workload of the cardiac chamber proximal to the diseased valve. Intraventricular or atrial pressure increases in the chamber to overcome resistance to flow through the valve. Increased pressure causes the myocardium to work harder, causing myocardial hypertrophy. Aortic stenosis -Correct ans--- LV hypertrophy - L heart failure - Pulmonary edema - Exertional dyspnea -Syncope -Angina pectoris - Systolic murmur Mitral Stenosis -Correct ans--- LA hypertrophy -R ventricular failure - Pulmonary edema - Orthopnea - Respiratory infections - PH -Edema -Atypical chest pain - Diastolic murmur Stroke volume -Correct ans--The volume of blood ejected per bear during systole Cor Pulmonale -Correct ans--right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension Cardiac output -Correct ans--HR x SV -Normal= 5Lpm -Preload, afterload, contractility, heart rate Preload -Correct ans--The volume inside the ventricle at the end of diastole Determined by: - Amount of venous blood returning to the ventricle during diastole - The amount of blood in the ventricle after systole Afterload -Correct ans--The resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle total peripheral resistance (TPR) Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) Contractility -Correct ans--sympathetic nervous system, epi and norepi) + inotropes Acetylcholine released from vagus nerve - inotrope Cytokines released during sepsis impair contractility O2 < 50% decreased contractility Troponin -Correct ans--Relaxing protein Troponin T- aids in binding the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin Troponin I- Inhibits the ATPhase of actomyosin [Show More]

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