Pathophysiology > EXAM > Pathophysiology - Exam 1 - Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology (All)

Pathophysiology - Exam 1 - Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

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A patient has a heart attack that leads to progressive cell injury that causes cell death with severe cell swelling and breakdown of organelles. What term would the nurse use to define this process? a. Adaptation b. Pathologic calcification c. Apoptosis d. Necrosis - correct answer--d. Necrosis What is the most common cause of hypoxia? - correct answer--Ischemia What is the most common cause of cellular injury? - correct answer--hypoxia Question regarding ischemia: - correct answer--Makes cells swell with influx of Na+ (TEST) A 15-year-old female presents to the ER following a physical assault. She has internal damage to the neck with deep bruising. X-ray reveals fractures of the hyoid bone and tracheal and cricoid cartilage. Which of the following most likely caused her injuries? a. Chemical asphyxiation b. Choking asphyxiation c. Ligature strangulation d. Manual strangulation - correct answer--d. Manual strangulation MC question regarding which does not show any physical signs. Ans: choking asphyxiation (TEST) Narrowing of the arteries due to arteriosclerosis would cause: a. Hypoxia b. Ischemia c. Both hypoxia and ischemia - correct answer--c. Both hypoxia and ischemia - Similar question on test but worded regarding oxygen to lungs - hypoxia What type of progressive cell injury response is: Cellular self-destruction for elimination of unwanted cell populations? - correct answer--Apoptosis, or programmed cell death A deficiency of oxygen in any tissue is called? - correct answer--hypoxia Insufficient blood flow to a tissue, typically resulting in metabolite accumulation and sometimes tissue death is called? - correct answer--Ischemia (TEST) A combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis in which dead cells disintegrate but are not completely digested, resulting in soft, granular, clumped cellular debris. Tuberculosis. - correct answer--Caseous necrosis - MC question regarding tuberculosis When planning care for a cardiac patient, the nurse knows that in response to an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will: a. Increase in size b. Decrease in length c. Increase in excitability d. Increase in number - correct answer--a. Increase in size A 40-year-old female is diagnosed with cervical cancer after a Pap smear. Which of the following cellular changes would the nurse most likely see on the report? a. Metaplasia b. Atrophy c. Hypertrophy d. Dysplasia - correct answer--d. Dysplasia A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to: a. Malnutrition b. Free radicals c. Ischemia d. Chemical toxicity - correct answer--c. Ischemia

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