HESI A2 CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS

Document Content and Description Below

HESI A2 CHEMISTRY QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS 1. Which of the following substances allows for the fastest diffusion? A. gas B. solid C. liquid D. plasma Explanation: Diffusion is f... astest through gases. The next fastest medium for diffusion is liquid, followed by plasma, and then solids. In chemistry, diffusion is defined as the movement of matter by the random motions of molecules. In a gas or a liquid, the molecules are in perpetual motion. For instance, in a quantity of seemingly immobile air, molecules of nitrogen and oxygen are constantly bouncing off each other. There is even some miniscule degree of diffusion in solids, which rises in proportion to the temperature of the substance. 2. What is the oxidation number of hydrogen in CaH2? A. +1 B. –1 C. 0 D. +2 Explanation: The oxidation number of the hydrogen in CaH2 is –1. The oxidation number is the positive or negative charge of a monoatomic ion. In other words, the oxidation number is the numerical charge on an ion. An ion is a charged version of an element. Oxidation number is often referred to as oxidation state. Oxidation number is sometimes used to describe the number of electrons that must be added or removed from an atom in order to convert the atom to its elemental form. 3. Which of the following does not exist as a diatomic molecule? A. boron 2022 B. fluorine C. oxygen D. nitrogen Explanation: Boron does not exist as a diatomic molecule. The other possible answer choices, fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen, all exist as diatomic molecules. A diatomic molecule always appears in nature as a pair: The word diatomic means “having two atoms.” With the exception of astatine, all of the halogens are diatomic. Chemistry students often use the mnemonic BrINClHOF (pronounced “brinkelhoff”) to remember all of the diatomic elements: bromine, iodine, nitrogen, chlorine, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluorine. Note that not all of these diatomic elements are halogens. 4. What is another name for aqueous HI? A. hydroiodate acid B. hydrogen monoiodide C. hydrogen iodide D. hydriodic acid Explanation: Hydriodic acid is another name for aqueous HI. In an aqueous solution, the solvent is water. Hydriodic acid is a polyatomic ion, meaning that it is composed of two or more elements. When this solution has an increased amount of oxygen, the -ate suffix on the first word is converted to -ic. The HESI exam will require you to know the fundamentals of naming chemicals. This process can be quite complex, so you should carefully review this material before your exam. 5. Which of the following could be an empirical formula? A. C4H8 B. C2H6 C. CH D. C3H6 Explanation: CH could be an empirical formula. An empirical formula is the smallest expression of a chemical formula. To be empirical, a formula must be incapable of being reduced. For this reason, answer choices A, B, and D are incorrect, as they could all be reduced to a simpler form. Note that empirical formulas are not the same as compounds, which do not have to be irreducible. Two compounds can have the same empirical formula but different molecular formulas. The molecular formula is the actual number of atoms in the molecule. 6. What is the name for the reactant that is entirely consumed by the reaction? A. limiting reactant B. reducing agent C. reaction intermediate D. reagent Explanation: A limiting reactant is entirely used up by the chemical reaction. Limiting reactants control the extent of the reaction and determine the quantity of the product. A reducing agent is a substance that reduces the amount of another substance by losing electrons. A reagent is any substance used in a chemical reaction. Some of the most common reagents in the laboratory are sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. The behavior and properties of these substances are known, so they can be effectively used to produce predictable reactions in an experiment. 7. What is the name for the horizontal rows of the periodic table? A. groups B. periods C. families D. sets Explanation: The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods. The vertical columns of the periodic table are known as groups or families. All of the elements in a group have similar properties. The relationships between the elements in each period are similar as you move from left to right. The periodic table was developed by Dmitri Mendeleev to organize the known elements according to their similarities. New elements can be added to the periodic table without necessitating a redesign. 8. What is the mass (in grams) of 7.35 mol water? A. 10.7 g B. 18 g C. 132 g D. 180.6 g Explanation: The mass of 7.35 mol water is 132 grams. You should be able to find the mass of various chemical compounds when you are given the number of mols. The information required to perform this function is included on the periodic table. To solve this problem, find the molecular mass of water by finding the respective weights of hydrogen and oxygen. Remember that water contains two hydrogen molecules and one oxygen molecule. The molecular mass of hydrogen is roughly 1, and the molecular mass of oxygen is roughly 16. A molecule of water, then, has approximately 18 grams of mass. Multiply this by 7.35 mol, and you will obtain the answer 132.3, which is closest to answer choice C. 9. Which of the following orbitals is the last to fill? A. 1s B. 3s C. 4p D. 6s Explanation: Of these orbitals, the last to fill is 6s. Orbitals fill in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, and 7p. The number is the orbital number, and the letter is the sublevel identification. Sublevel s has one orbital and can hold a maximum of two electrons. Sublevel p has three orbitals and can hold a maximum of six electrons. Sublevel d has five orbitals and can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. Sublevel f has seven orbitals and can hold a maximum of 14 electrons. 10. What is the name of the binary molecular compound NO5? A. nitro pentoxide B. ammonium pentoxide C. nitrogen pentoxide D. pentnitrogen oxide Explanation: Nitrogen pentoxide is the name of the binary molecular compound NO5. The format given in answer choice C is appropriate when dealing with two nonmetals. A prefix is used to denote the number of atoms of each element. Note that when there are seven atoms of a given element, the prefix hepta- is used instead of the usual septa-. Also, when the first atom in this kind of binary molecular compound is single, it does not need to be given the prefix mono-. 11. What is the mass (in grams) of 1.0 mol oxygen gas? A. 12 g B. 16 g C. 28 g D. 32 g Explanation: The mass of 1.0 mol oxygen gas is 32 grams. The molar mass of oxygen can be obtained from the periodic table. In most versions of the table, the molar mass of the element is directly beneath the full name of the element. There is a little trick to this question. Oxygen is a diatomic molecule, which means that it always appears in pairs. In order to determine the mass in grams of 1.0 mol of oxygen gas, then, you must double the molar mass. The listed mass is 16, so the correct answer to the problem is 32. 12. Which kind of radiation has no charge? A. beta B. alpha C. delta D. gamma Explanation: Gamma radiation has no charge. This form of electromagnetic radiation can travel a long distance and can penetrate the human body. Sunlight and radio waves are both examples of gamma radiation. Alpha radiation has a 2+ charge. It only travels short distances and cannot penetrate clothing or skin. Radium and uranium both emit alpha radiation. Beta radiation has a 1– charge. It can travel several feet through the air and is capable of penetrating the skin. This kind of radiation can be damaging to health over a long period of exposure. There is no such thing as delta radiation. 13. What is the name of the state in which forward and reverse chemical reactions are occurring at the same rate? A. equilibrium B. constancy C. stability D. toxicity Explanation: When forward and reverse chemical reactions are taking place at the same rate, a chemical reaction has achieved equilibrium. This means that the respective concentrations of reactants and products do not change over time. In theory, a chemical reaction will remain in equilibrium indefinitely. One of the common tasks in the chemistry lab is to find the equilibrium constant (or set of relative concentrations that result in equilibrium) for a given reaction. In thermal equilibrium, there is no net heat exchange between a body and its surroundings. In dynamic equilibrium, any motion in one direction is offset by an equal motion in the other direction. 14. What is 119°K in degrees Celsius? A. 32°C B. –154°C C. 154°C D. –32°C Explanation: 119°K is equivalent to –154 degrees Celsius. It is likely that you will have to perform at least one temperature conversion on the HESI exam. To convert degrees Kelvin to degrees Celsius, simply subtract 273. To convert degrees Celsius to degrees Kelvin, simply add 273. To convert degrees Kelvin into degrees Fahrenheit, multiply by 9/5 and subtract 460. To convert degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Kelvin, add 460 and then multiply by 5/9. To convert degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit, multiply by 9/5 and then add 32. To convert degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius, subtract 32 and then multiply by 5/9. 15. What is the SI unit of energy? A. ohm B. joule C. henry D. newton Explanation: The joule is the SI unit of energy. Energy is the ability to do work or generate heat. In regard to electrical energy, a joule is the amount of electrical energy required to pass a current of one ampere through a resistance of one ohm for one second. In physical or mechanical terms, the joule is the amount of energy required for a force of one newton to act over a distance of one meter. The ohm is a unit of electrical resistance. The henry is a unit of inductance. The newton is a unit of force. 16. What is the name of the device that separates gaseous ions by their mass-tocharge ratio? A. mass spectrometer B. interferometer C. magnetometer D. capacitance meter Explanation: A mass spectrometer separates gaseous ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio. This machine is used to distinguish the various elements in a piece of matter. An interferometer measures the wavelength of light by comparing the interference phenomena of two waves: an experimental wave and a reference wave. A magnetometer measures the direction and magnitude of a magnetic field. Finally, a capacitance meter measures the capacitance of a capacitor. Some sophisticated capacitance meters may also measure inductance, leakage, and equivalent series resistance. 17. Which material has the smallest specific heat? A. water B. wood C. aluminum D. glass Explanation: Of the given materials, aluminum has the smallest specific heat. The specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of the substance by one degree Celsius. In some cases, specific heat is expressed as a ratio of the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius to the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. 18. What is the name for a reaction in which electrons are transferred from one atom to another? A. combustion reaction B. synthesis reaction C. redox reaction D. double-displacement reaction Explanation: In a redox reaction, also known as an oxidation-reduction reaction, electrons are transferred from one atom to another. A redox reaction changes the oxidation numbers of the atoms. In a combustion reaction, one material combines with an oxidizer to form a product and generate heat. In a synthesis reaction, multiple chemicals are combined to create a more complex product. In a double-displacement reaction, two chemical compounds trade bonds or ions and create two different compounds. Other common chemical reactions you may need to know for the HESI exam are the acid-base reaction, analysis reaction, singledisplacement reaction, isomerization reaction, and hydrolysis reaction. 19. What are van der Waals forces? A. the weak forces of attraction between two molecules B. the strong forces of attraction between two molecules C. hydrogen bonds D. conjugal bonds Explanation: van der Waals forces are the weak forces of attraction between two molecules. The van der Waals force is considered to be any of the attractive or repulsive forces between electrons that are not related to electrostatic interaction or covalent bonds. Compared to other chemical bonds, the strength of van der Waals forces is small. However, these forces have a great effect on a substance’s solubility and other characteristics. The HESI exam may require you to demonstrate knowledge of all the major chemical forces. 20. Which of the following gases effuses the fastest? CONTINUES... [Show More]

Last updated: 2 years ago

Preview 1 out of 24 pages