Presbycusis
Hearing loss due to old age
Presbyopia
impaired vision as a result of aging, difficulty focusing
Byssinosis
Disease from inhaling cotton fibers. Also called "brown lung disease" or "Monday fever"
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Presbycusis
Hearing loss due to old age
Presbyopia
impaired vision as a result of aging, difficulty focusing
Byssinosis
Disease from inhaling cotton fibers. Also called "brown lung disease" or "Monday fever". Reaction against cotton, linen, hemp products in textile/fabric industry.
Four (4) types of human errors discussed in Human Factors Engineering.
"Errors C.O.S.T. time and money"
1. Commission: doing something wrong
2. Omission: leaving something out
3. Sequence: doing something in the wrong order
4. Timing: doing something out of allotted time, too fast or too slow
Does the employers have to post OSHA citations?
Yes, for 3 days or until corrected.
Audiogram
Written record of hearing threshold at specified frequencies.
Audiometer
a device that can present tones of different frequencies, from low in pitch to high in pitch, at different volumes from soft to loud
What dB at 3000 hz during an audiogram means the person can't hear the tone?
30 dB
Factors that affect absorption of noise
angle to noise source, frequency of noise, density, condition/cleanliness, type of mounting, shape of surface
To improve noise absorption through engineering controls, what properties do you want?
Good porosity, thickness, air gaps
Emissivity
Ratio of radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a black body at the same temperature. A black body is 1.0 (highest), down to 0 (bright, reflective surfaces).
Emissivity of bright metal surfaces
Low - less than 0.1 (bright metal is a good reflector), meaning it is good for reducing radiant heat.
Emissivity of unpolished surfaces
Close to 1.0, which is high, meaning not great for reducing radiant heat.
Carpal tunnel affects what nerve and what parts of the hand?
Median nerve. Thumb, pointer and ring fingers, NOT the pinky. Inflammation and pain in the wrist. Thenar wasting is sign of advanced disease.
Metal Fume Fever
Acute condition from brief high exposure to metal fumes (e.g., zinc, magnesium, their oxides). Symptoms appear from 4 to 12 hours after exposure -- fever, shaking chills (flu-like). Recovery is quick. Workers can develop immunity, but a break and re-exposure normally makes it worse.
What do altitude changes affect (and not affect) regarding fans?
Horsepower needed (air has less mass), static pressure (not as much needed). But the CFM (volumetric rate) is NOT changed by altitude, and neither is RPM of the fan.
SCBA & airline respirator rules
Must be Grade D or higher; can use high pressure air; oil pumped with filtering is acceptable. Medical oxygen is NOT allowed - dangerous because of increased flammability.
Abduction, adduction, flexion, extension
Adbuction: increasing angle of arm to body, AWAY.
Adduction: decreasing angle of arm to body, TOWARD.
Extension: increasing angle of forearm to bicep.
Flexion: decreasing angle of forearm to bicep.
Grade D breathing air
19.5%-23.5% oxygen
<5 mg/m3 of oil
<10 ppm CO
<1000 ppm CO2.
TLV, PEL, IDLH for carbon monoxide
TLV of 50 ppm (ACGIH); STEL of 400.
IDLH of 1500 ppm (NIOSH)
PEL of 35-50 (OSHA); ceiling is 200, instantaneous is 1500.
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Air pollution that is a product of combustion of fossil fuels. Flammable, colorless, odorless, poisonous. Chemical asphyxiate. Does NOT harm red blood cells, but reduces their oxygen-carrying capacity.
Teratogen
an agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo or fetus. Does not propagate across generational lines.
Next best option to electric forklifts for emissions.
Convert the forklift to LP gas.
Double insulation does not protect against shock in what circumstance?
Water, wet locations
(Data terms) Random, stratified, systematic, cluster
Random: everyone has an equal change. Stratified: separated by layers. Systematic: patterned response. Cluster: confined to a location.
pH less than 7
acid
pH greater than 7
base
activated carbon
A form of specially treated, porous carbon, used to absorb various odors and vapors. Has a non-polar surface.
Axial flow fans
High volume and low pressure drop; general & dilution ventilation; NOT good for LEV; NOT used to move air through a duct; sometimes used for comfort.
Centrifugal fans
Fan axis is perpendicular to flow -- spits air out 90 degrees. Low noise. Suited to high pressures. Low to moderate static pressures; used in heating & air conditioning; workhorse of industrial hygiene; sometimes called squirrel cages; good for lint, wood chips & dust.
Forward blades in centrifugal fan
Blades are curved in the direction of rotation. Used whenever a large air volume has to be moved in a tight space. Requires more power, which can overload motors.
Backward blades in centrifugal fan
Blades are curved in the opposite direction of rotation. More efficient than forward blades.
Paddle wheel or long-shaving wheel
Used with medium tip speed for buffing exhaust, woodworking exhaust or when heavy dust must pass through the fan.
Max travel distance of fire extinguisher in light hazard occupancies
75 ft. Includes places like churches, clubs, education centers, kennels, museums, homes.
Inspection items for self-closing doors
1) Lubrication on guides & bearings
2) Binders are not bent, thus obstructing door
3) Chains/wire ropes have not stretched.
4) Fusible links are NOT painted.
Main cause of sprinkler system failure
35% of the time: closed water-supply valves.
Main cause of leaking sprinkler heads
Overheating from being too close to heat-generating processes.
How often should sound level meters be calibrated?
Before & after each survey
Particle sizes
Large: silica
Small: zinc
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