A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:
Select one:
a. heat.
b. lactic acid.
c. nitrogen.
d. oxygen. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS heat
A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "13
...
A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:
Select one:
a. heat.
b. lactic acid.
c. nitrogen.
d. oxygen. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS heat
A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents:
Select one:
a. ventricular relaxation.
b. atrial contraction.
c. ventricular filling.
d. ventricular contraction. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS ventricular contraction
Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the: - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS gallbladder
If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:
Select one:
a. minute volume is decreased.
b. overall tidal volume is increased.
c. expiratory reserve volume is decreased.
d. inspiratory reserve is increased. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS minute volume is decreased
Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:
Select one:
a. the cells function with adequate oxygen.
b. the cells function without oxygen.
c. circulating blood glucose levels fall.
d. carbon dioxide levels in the blood are high. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS the cells function with adequate oxygen
The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the:
Select one:
a. spinous foramen.
b. vertebral foramen.
c. foramen magnum.
d. foramen ovale. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS foramen magnum
The central nervous system is composed of the:
Select one:
a. motor and sensory nerves.
b. brain and spinal cord.
c. brain and sensory nerves.
d. spinal cord and sensory nerves. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS brain and spinal cord
The waste products of aerobic metabolism include:
Select one:
a. carbon dioxide and water
b. glucose and lactic acid.
c. ATP and glucose.
d. uric acid and nitrogen - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS carbon dioxide and water
The _______________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen.
Select one:
a. costovertebral angle
b. diaphragm
c. mediastinum
d. costal arch - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS diaphragm
Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the:
Select one:
a. urethra.
b. renal duct.
c. ureters.
d. prostate. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS ureters
What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?
Select one:
a. Arterial blood is diverted to the skin and muscles.
b. The veins dilate to increase systemic perfusion.
c. Widespread vasodilation causes blood pressure to decrease.
d. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure
What is the function of the fallopian tubes?
Select one:
a. To connect the ovaries
b. To produce progesterone and estrogen
c. To supply blood to the uterine lining
d. To transport a mature egg to the uterus - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS To transport a mature egg to the uterus
Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system?
Select one:
a. It circulates oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the cells.
b. Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body.
c. It relies on muscle movement to circulate lymph.
d. It circulates waste products of metabolism away from cells - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body
Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle?
Select one:
a. Skeletal system
b. Urinary system
c. Gastrointestinal tract
d. Blood vessels - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS Skeletal system
Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities?
Select one:
a. Nervous
b. Skeletal
c. Reproductive
d. Endocrine - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS Endocrine
According to the terminal drop hypothesis:
Select one:
a. most late-stage adults retain high brain function until 1 month before death.
b. a person's physical health begins to decline after the age of 75 years.
c. most elderly patients experience depression after the death of a loved one.
d. mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death.
Age-related changes in the renal system result in:
Select one:
a. dilation of the blood vessels that supply the nephrons, which allows the kidneys to maintain their function.
b. the formation of large amounts of urine secondary to an increase in kidney mass of up to 20%.
c. a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.
d. a significant increase in filtration, which causes the excretion of large amounts of water from the body. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.
Children of which age group are considered toddlers? - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS 1-3 years
Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Select one:
a. a loss of respiratory muscle mass.
b. decreased residual volume.
c. increased stiffness of the thoracic cage.
d. increased surface area available for air exchange - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS increased surface area available for air exchange.
In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:
Select one:
a. decreases, resulting in widespread collapsing of the alveoli and impaired diffusion of gases.
b. decreases, which increases diffusion in the lungs and causes an accumulation of carbon dioxide.
c. remains unchanged because the lungs have become accustomed to years of breathing pollution.
d. increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of the stagnant air that remains in the alveoli
The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:
Select one:
a. 6 and 8 months.
b. 3 and 4 months.
c. 7 and 14 months.
d. 9 and 18 months. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS 9 and 18 months.
The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to:
Select one:
a. atherosclerosis.
b. medication use.
c. kidney failure.
d. hypotension. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS atherosclerosis.
Which of the following statements regarding an infant's vital signs is correct?
Select one:
a. By 6 months of age, an infant's normal tidal volume is 2 to 4 mL/kg.
b. An infant's heart rate generally ranges between 70 and 110 beats/min.
c. An infant's normal heart rate increases by 10 beats/min each month.
d. An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS An infant's normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschooler's.
Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age?
Select one:
a. Increased physical activity, increased food intake, and increased insulin production
b. Decreased food intake, decreased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels
c. Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels
d. Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS Decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production
You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she:
Select one:
a. will readily allow you to separate her from her mother.
b. has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration.
c. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.
d. is unable to track your movements with her eyes. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS responds to her name but is fearful of your presence.
An 81-year-old female fell and struck her head. You find the patient lying on her left side. She is conscious and complains of neck and upper back pain. As you are assessing her, you note that she has a severely kyphotic spine. What is the MOST appropriate method of immobilizing this patient?Select one:
a. Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard.
b. Move her to a supine position and immobilize her with a scoop stretcher and padding.
c. Apply a cervical collar and place her in a sitting position on the wheeled stretcher.
d. Immobilize her in a supine position on a long backboard and secure her with straps. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS Leave her on her side and use blanket rolls to immobilize her to the long backboard.
An unrestrained patient is sitting in his car after an automobile crash. He is conscious and alert, has no visible trauma, and is complaining of neck and back pain. Before removing him from his car, you should:
Select one:
a. slide a scoop stretcher under his buttocks and rotate him laterally.
b. apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device.
c. perform a detailed head-to-toe assessment and apply a cervical collar.
d. maintain manual stabilization of his head and grasp him by the clothes. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS Apply a cervical collar and immobilize him with a vest-style device
In most instances, you should move a patient on a wheeled ambulance stretcher by:
Select one:
a. retracting the undercarriage and carrying the stretcher to the ambulance.
b. pushing the foot of the stretcher while your partner guides the head.
c. slightly lifting the stretcher to prevent unnecessary patient movement.
d. pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS pushing the head of the stretcher while your partner guides the foot
You should not attempt to lift a patient who weighs more than 250lbs with fewer than _______________ rescuers, regardless of individual strength. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS four
Situations in which you should use the rapid extrication technique include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Select one:
a. a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle.
b. a patient who blocks access to another seriously injured patient.
c. a patient whose condition requires immediate transport to the hospital.
d. a patient who needs immediate care that requires a supine position. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS a patient who can be properly assessed while still in the vehicle
The extremity lift would NOT be appropriate to use on a patient:
Select one:
a. without a spinal injury.
b. with a deformed humerus.
c. with forearm lacerations.
d. who complains of nausea. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS with a deformed humerus
When carrying a patient up or down stairs, you should avoid:
Select one:
a. using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible.
b. the use of a long backboard or scoop stretcher.
c. flexing your body at the knees.
d. the use of more than two EMTs. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS using a wheeled stretcher whenever possible
When performing the rapid extrication technique to remove a patient from his or her vehicle, you should:
Select one:
a. grasp the patient by the clothing and drag him or her from the car.
b. apply a cervical collar and remove the patient on a long backboard.
c. apply a cervical collar and immobilize the patient on a short backboard.
d. apply a vest-style extrication device prior to moving the patient. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS apply a cervical collar and remove the patient on a long backboard.
Which is the MOST appropriate method to use when moving a patient from his or her bed to a wheeled stretcher?
Select one:
a. Extremity carry
b. Draw sheet method
c. Logroll
d. Direct carry - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS Draw sheet method
You and your partner enter the residence of an elderly couple, both of whom are found unconscious in their bed. There is no evidence of trauma. As you begin your assessment, you and your partner notice the smell of natural gas in the residence. Which of the following should be your MOST appropriate action?
Select one:
a. Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag.
b. Perform a rapid assessment and then move the patients from their residence.
c. Request another ambulance to assist with lifting and moving the patients.
d. Quickly exit the residence and request the fire department to move the patients. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS Rapidly remove the patients from their residence using a blanket or clothes drag
A 71-year-old female slipped on a rug and fell. She is conscious and alert and complains of severe pelvic pain. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Which of the following is NOT indicated for this patient?
Select one:
a. Application of a cervical collar
b. Gentle palpation of the pelvis
c. Rapid head-to-toe exam
d. Treating her for possible shock - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS Gentle palpation of the pelvis
As time progresses following a significant injury:
Select one:
a. most patients will die secondary to internal bleeding.
b. the patient's injuries will most likely be irreparable.
c. the patient's blood pressure elevates significantly.
d. the body's ability to compensate for shock decreases. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS the body's ability to compensate for shock decreases.
As you assess the head of a patient with a suspected spinal injury, your partner should:
Select one:
a. maintain stabilization of the head.
b. prepare the immobilization equipment.
c. look in the ears for gross bleeding.
d. assess the rest of the body for bleeding. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS maintain stabilization of the head
In which of the following situations is a pertinent negative identified?
Select one:
a. A 59-year-old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath.
b. A 56-year-old woman states that her chest hurts when she takes a deep breath.
c. A 50-year-old woman states that nothing makes her chest pain better or worse.
d. A 53-year-old man with dizziness also tells you that he has vomited three times. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS A 59-year-old man complains of crushing chest pain but denies shortness of breath.
Pain that moves from its point of origin to another body location is said to be:
Select one:
a. palliating.
b. provoking.
c. radiating.
d. referred. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS radiating.
When performing a rapid exam on a supine patient, what part of the body is typically assessed last?
Select one:
a. Posterior
b. Anterior chest
c. Extremities
d. Abdomen - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS Posterior
Which of the following assessments would be the MOST useful in determining the possible cause of a patient's altered mental status?
Select one:
a. Capillary refill time
b. Blood pressure
c. Blood glucose level
d. Respiratory rate - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS Blood glucose level
Which of the following questions would you ask a patient to ascertain the "M" in the SAMPLE history?
Select one:
a. "How long have you had your chest pain?"
b. "How much Tylenol do you take each day?"
c. "Have you ever had any major surgeries?"
d. "When was the last time you ate a meal?" - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS "How much Tylenol do you take each day?"
Which of the following situations or conditions warrants immediate transport?
Select one:
a. Mild pain in the lower abdomen
b. Decreased ability to move an extremity
c. Responsiveness and ability to follow commands
d. Severe chest pain and cool, pale skin - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS Severe chest pain and cool, pale skin
You should gently palpate a patient's pelvis only if:
Select one:
a. the MOI suggests significant trauma to the pelvis.
b. the patient does not complain of pelvic pain.
c. the possibility of a pelvic fracture has been ruled out.
d. you note gross deformity to the pelvic area. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS the patient does not complain of pelvic pain.
A 40-year-old male crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is semiconscious, has snoring respirations, and has a laceration to the forearm with minimal bleeding. You should:
Select one:
a. open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.
b. tilt the patient's head back and lift up on his chin.
c. apply a pressure dressing to the patient's arm.
d. apply a cervical collar and suction his airway. - THE CORRECT ANSWER IS open his airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.
A patient who does not respond to your questions, but moves or cries out when his or her trapezius muscle is pinched, is said to be:
Select one:
a. responsive to painful stimuli.
b. conscious and alert.
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