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Unit 6 prep

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What is open-angle glaucoma - answer--aqueous humor drainage through the trabecular meshwork into the canal of Schlemm is obstructed. The amount of fluid in the eye increases. As a result, intraocular pressure increases. The increased pressure damages retinal neurons and the optic nerve. Peripheral vision is gradually lost, and the visual field narrows. Both eyes are usually affected. Untreated eventually leads to blindness. What is angle-closure glaucoma - answer--the angle between the cornea and iris closes, completely blocking drainage of aqueous humor from the eye. Intraocular pressure increases abruptly, damaging the retina and the optic nerve. clinical manifestations of Angle-closure glaucoma: - answer--Unilateral (happens in one eye at a time), acute, severe pain with blurred vision, N&V, red eye with cloudy cornea, halos around lights, dilated fixed pupil. Increases rapidly. -clinical manifestations of Open-angle glaucoma: - answer--bilateral eye involvement, affects peripheral vision over time, halos around lights, having trouble focusing on near objects, blurred vision, painless, difficulty adjusting from light to dark, optic nerve turns fray in color over time. Slow progressive How to diagnosis a cataract? - answer--Diagnosis of a cataract is made based on the history and eye examination. As the cataract matures, the red reflex (reddish-orange glow seen in the pupil when a beam of light is directed into it) is lost. The location and extent of a cataract can be seen with opthalmoscopic examination. No special diagnostic or laboratory procedures are required. Common S/S of a cataract - answer--both near and distance is vision are affected, details become obstructed, problems with glare, difficulty adjusting between light and darks environments, and changes in depth perception Post-op care of cataract surgery - answer--usually discharged within 2 hours post-op, assess VS, LOC, comfort, and status of eye dressing. -Maintain the eye patch and shield as ordered. Place in semi-fowlers, or fowler's position as ordered or on unaffected side. -Approach client on unaffected side. -Intervene as necessary to prevent vomiting, coughing, sneezing, or straining. -Report sudden, sharp eye pain. What to teach family and patient before discharge of cataract surgery - answer---how to instill eye drops and others meds, -how and when to apply eye patch and eye shield (eye patched at night and protected by sunglasses when outside), teach not to scratch, rub, touch, or squeeze affected side. -How to prevent constipation and straining and about activity limitations. -Symptoms to report to DOC: eye pain or pressure, redness or cloudiness, drainage, decreased vision, floaters or flashes of light, or halos around bright objects, and N&V. -4-6 weeks in till best vision achieved. Describe the purpose of the myringotomy procedure with use of ventilation tubes - answer---Myringotomy, is the surgical drainage of the middle ear, and pts who don't respond to antibiotics may need ventilation tubes inserted during the procedure.

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