BSTRANDABLE NCLEX CARDIOVASCULAR/HEMATOLOGIC 2 OF 2 DEFINATION EXAM

BSTRANDABLE NCLEX CARDIOVASCULAR/HEMATOLOGIC 2 OF 2 DEFINATION EXAM 2022 LATEST CAD - Coronary Artery Disease PVD - Peripheral Vascular Disease SBP - Systolic Blood Pressure DBP - Diastolic Blood Pressure SVR - Systemic Vascular Resistance CO - Cardiac Output HR - Heart Rate SNS - Sympathetic Nervous System NE - Norepinephrine ISH - Isolated Systolic Hypertension ET - Endothelin (vasoconstrictor) RAAS - Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System PRA - Plasma Renin Activity CVD - Cardiovascular Disease LVH - Left Ventricle Hypertrophy TIA - Transient Ischemic Attack MAP - Mean Arterial Pressure SBP + 2DBP = MAP CVI - Chronic Venous Insufficiency DVT - Deep Vein Thrombosis PAD - Peripheral Artery Disease SVT - Superficial VeinThrombosis VTE - Venous Thromboembolism AAA - Abdominal Aortic Aneurism UH - Unfractionated Heparin ABI - Ankle Brachial Index PTA - Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty ACE - Angiotensin Converting Enzyme TEE - Transesophageal Electrocardiography PA - Pulmonary Artery CVP - Central Venous Pressure EVAR - Endovascular Aneurism Repair PTFE - Polytetrafluoroethylene HRT - Hormone Replacement Therapy LMWH - Low-Molecular-Weight- Heparin HIT - Heparin Induce Thrombcytopenia afterload - The force the heart has to pump (peripheral resstance) to eject blood from the left ventricle. arterial pressure - Pressure of blood against arterial walls measured by sphygmomanometer or directly by arterial catherter. Xa - Anti-factor ACT - Activated Clotting Time aPTT - Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time INR - International Normaliized Ratio automaticity - The ability of cardiac cells to initiate and impulse spontaneously and repetitively without neurohormonal control. baroreceptors - Specialized nerve endings located in the walls of the aortic arch and carotid sinuses, affected by changes n blood pressure. BP - Blood pressure capillary pressure/hydrostatic pressure - Pressure exerted against the capillary wall, normally 25 to 30 mm Hg at the arterial end and 10 to 15 mm Hg at the venous end. cardiac output - Total volume of blood pumped through the heart in one minute, normal values are 4 to 7 L/min chemoreceptors - Nerve endings located n the aortic arch and carotid bodies that are stimulated by hypoxemia and that subsequeintly transmit impulses to the CNS conductivity - Ability of the heart muscle fibers to propagaqte electrical impulses along and across cell membranes contractility - Inherent ability of the myocardium to alter contractile force and velocity. Sympathetic stimulation increases myocardial contractility so stroke volume increases. diastole - The phase of the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes between contractions. diastolic pressure - The force of blood exerted on the artery walls when the heart relaxes or filled. excitability - The ability of cardiac muscle cells to depolarize in response to stimulus. Influenced by hormones, electrolytes, nutrition, oxygen supply, meds, infections, and nerve characteristics. paradoxical blood pressure - An exaggerated decrease in systolic pressure by more than 10 mm Hg during the inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle. Normal value is 3 - 10 mm Hg postural (orthostatic) hypotension - BP decrease of more than 10 -15 mm Jg of the systolic pressure or a decrease of more the 10 mm Hg of the diastolic pressure and a 10% to 20% increase in HR. Occurs when BP is not maintained from a lying position to sitting or stand position. preload - The volume of blood stretching the left ventricle at the end of diastole. PCWP - Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, is the measure obtained during momentary balloon inflation of a pulmonary artery catheter; reflects oef ventricular end diastolic pressure. Ranges between 6 to 12 mm Hg Decreased PCWP - indicates hypovolemia Increased PCWP - indicates hypervolemia, left ventricular failure, or mitral regurgitiation Pulse pressure - The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. Normal pulse pressure is 30 to 40 mm Hg Refractoriness - A property of excitable tissue, prevents uncontrolled rapid cardiac contractions and helps preserve the heart rhythm. CONTINUES...