NUR 352 Exam 1 Fall 2022/ 2023 (Spann ASU) Graded A+

Define assessment of infection*** - ANSWER Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or the result of local cellular injury caused by competitive metabolism, toxins ...

Define assessment of infection*** - ANSWER Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, which may be clinically unapparent or the result of local cellular injury caused by competitive metabolism, toxins, intracellular replication, or antigen-antibody response What are risk factors for HAIs? - ANSWER long hospital stays, the use of indwelling catheters, failure of healthcare workers to wash their hands properly, overuse of antibiotics, invasive procedures, elderly age, immune compromised, young age, underlying diseases, nutritional status, use of central line, use of ventilator, etc. Explain each of the components of chain of infection - ANSWER -presence of an infectious agent (bacteria, viruses, etc.) -available reservoir (source for growth, ex. humans, insects, water, inanimate surfaces) -portal of exit from reservoir (nose, mouth, orifices, etc.) -mode of transmission from reservoir to host (airborne, contact, droplets, vehicles (water, food, insects)) -portal of entry (any orifice or breakthrough of skin) -a susceptible host (depends on degree of resistance, strength and numbers of microbe, etc.) What can weaken the chain of infection? - ANSWER infection control in nurse practices to prevent spread of infection What are some prevention strategies for infection in terms of education of health team members, patients, and community? - ANSWER Hygiene, vaccination, proper hand washing, using gloves, PPE, not sharing personal items, covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze, be up to date on the news about health, use caution with animals, safe cooking practices (raw materials), safe sex, stay home if sick, keep a clean and safe environment, etc. Explain tier 1 precautions (equipment/potential teaching) - ANSWER Standard Precautions -Used for all patients -All body fluids (except sweat), non-intact skin, mucous membranes -Use alcohol-based products (no visible soil) -Use soap/water (visible soil) -Enable safety devices/Sharps containers -Use of disposable or disinfect patient care equipment -Proper handling of laundry Explain tier 2 precautions (equipment/potential teaching) - ANSWER Contact Precautions -Protection against DIRECT or INDIRECT contact with contagious infection -Equipment: Standard Precautions, Private room, Gloves, Gown, Disposable BP cuff, thermometer and stethoscope, Goggles (splashing) Droplet Precautions -Protection against DIRECT or INDIRECT contact with contagious infection (droplets > 5 microns) -Equipment: Standard Precautions, Private room, Gloves Surgical Mask, Disposable BP cuff, thermometer and stethoscope, May need contact precautions, Visitors need to wear masks Airborne Precautions -Protection against infectious droplets < 5 microns -Equipment: Private room (negative pressure airflow), N95/ HEPA filtration mask (health personnel), Face protection with possibility of splashing, Patient to wear surgical mask outside of room, Disposable BP cuff, thermometer and stethoscope Protective Precautions -Intervention used to protect immunocompromised clients -Equipment: Private room, Positive airflow (clean, filtered air in), Surgical mask worn by client outside of room, PPE instructions client dependent How do nurses know if infection control interventions are successful? - ANSWER Decrease in occurrences of infection and spread of infection What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for Clostridium difficile (C. diff)? - ANSWER Considerations: wash hands w/soap and water Precautions: contact What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)? - ANSWER Considerations: easy HAI; good hygiene to prevent Precautions: contact What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for Measles? - ANSWER Considerations: MMR vaccine; highly transmissible; cough/sneeze/rash Precautions: contact + airborne What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for Influenza? - ANSWER Considerations: flu vaccine Precautions: droplet What are some nursing considerations and isolation precautions for Hepatitis C? - ANSWER Considerations: no isolation needed; spreads via blood contact