Chemistry > LECTURE SLIDES/NOTES > Intramolecular and Intermolecular forces in Organic ChemistryOCRDetailed Notes (All)

Intramolecular and Intermolecular forces in Organic ChemistryOCRDetailed Notes

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INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES IN ORGANIC MOLECULES Intermolecular Forces Background • The nature of the forces that operate in compounds depend heavily on the nature of the bond (ionic or ... covalent) and electronegativity. • Whereas the forces in bonds of ionic compounds (eg NaCl) are purely electrostatic, those in covalent compounds vary depending on the degree of sharing of the electrons between the bonded atoms. • We will look at these different variations to appreciate Polarity of Bonds The Role of Electronegativity • The types of bonds between atoms have an important effect on the polarity within these molecules and how these compounds interact with other systems (biological systems). • For a covalent bond arising from sharing of electrons, the polarity of the bond will depend on the electronegativity of the bonded atoms. • Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an Electronegativity Chart Pauling Scale • The Paulings scale is the most commonly used for electronegativity. It sets the electronegativity of lithium at 1.0 and flourine (the most electronegative) at 4.0. • Francium is the least electronegative at 0.7. Nonpolar Covalent Bonds • Non polar covalent bonds or molecules are formed from sharing of electrons between atoms with the same or near equal electronegativity. • Note that in the nonpolar covalent bonds above, there is symmetry in the electron density in the molecular orbital representation. [Show More]

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