Epidemiology - ANSWER Science of public health.
Study of disease within populations & risk factors.
Risk factors are genetic, environmental, social, cultural, or on some direct action by the individual.
Servers
...
Epidemiology - ANSWER Science of public health.
Study of disease within populations & risk factors.
Risk factors are genetic, environmental, social, cultural, or on some direct action by the individual.
Servers to find the "why" of a disease & then to analyze the disease screening, treatment, prevention, and monitoring.
population health - ANSWER focuses on risk, data, demographics, and outcomes
Outcomes - ANSWER End result that follows an intervention
Aggregate - ANSWER defined population
Community - ANSWER Multiple aggregates
Data - ANSWER Compiled information
Prevalence - ANSWER Existence of a disease.
Number of all cases of the disease
Incidence - ANSWER Measures appearance of a disease over a period of time.
Surveillance - ANSWER Collection, analysis, and dissemination of data.
High-risk - ANSWER An increased chance of poor health outcomes
Morbidity - ANSWER Presence of illness in a population
Mortality - ANSWER Tracking deaths in an aggregate
Vital statistics - ANSWER statistics on live births, deaths, fetal deaths, marriages and divorces
Cases - ANSWER Criterion used to make decisions whether the patient has a disease or health event
Social Justice - ANSWER The view that everyone deserves equal economic, political and social rights and opportunities-including the right to good health
Inter-professional collaboration - ANSWER Collaborative action oriented toward a common goal of improving quality & safety of patient care.
Involves responsibility, accountability, coordination, communication, cooperation, assertiveness, mutual respect, and autonomy.
HP2020 - ANSWER 4 goals:
1) attain high-quality lives preventable disease
2) achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, improve health of all groups
3) create social and physical environments that promote good health.
4) promote quality of life, healthy development, and health
Determinants of Care - ANSWER Range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status
Risk Analysis - ANSWER Characterization of the potential adverse health effects of human exposures to environmental hazards
health disparities - ANSWER Differences of health statuses between various populations.
Sensitivity - ANSWER Measures the proportion of actual positives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., % of sick people who are correctly identified as having the condition)
Specificity - ANSWER True negative rate
Measures actual negatives that are correctly identified as such (e.g., % of healthy people who are correctly ID's as not having the condition)
Positive Predictive Value (PPV) - ANSWER Probability that subjects with a positive screening test truly have the disease
Epidemiological triangle - ANSWER Triad with an external agent, host, and an environment that cause the disease.
Environmental factors and genetics play a role.
Disease transmitted directly or indirectly.
Outright symptoms or subclinical disease.
Confounding Variable - ANSWER Extra variable not accounted for and can ruin the experiment.
Can introduce bias.
Study methods - ANSWER Descriptive.
Analytic.
Experimental.
Descriptive study methods - ANSWER Describes person, place, and time.
Provides data for program planning, resource planning, and generates a hypothesis.
Correlational studies, case reports and studies, and cross-sectional studies.
Analytic Study Methods - ANSWER Consists of observational and experimental
Case control and cohort
Experimental Study Methods - ANSWER RCT (new drug testing),
Field trial (conducted on those at high risk for getting the disease),
Community trial (research conducted on an entire community or neighborhood)
Test a hypothesis
Rapid Cycle Improvement Models - ANSWER Identifies, implements, and measures changes made to improve a process or a system.
Tested over 3 months or less
4 STAGES: PLAN (ID an opportunity to improve and plan a change or test of how something works), DO (carry out a plan on a small number of patients), STUDY (examine the results. Goal achieved?), ACT (use your results to make a decision or make changes, establish a quality improvement plans)
How to pick a screening tool - ANSWER Usefulness and appropriateness:
a) validity
b) specificity
c) sensitivity
d) reliable
e) cost-effective
f) improve outcomes for the patient
g) continuous variable screening
h) positive predictive value
i) negative predictive value
[Show More]
