WGU C181 Questions and Answers Rated A,

WGU C181 Questions and Answers Rated A Maintaining Order ✔✔Establishing the rule of law to preserve life and protect property Providing public goods ✔✔Benefits and services available to everyone. Such as, education, ...

WGU C181 Questions and Answers Rated A Maintaining Order ✔✔Establishing the rule of law to preserve life and protect property Providing public goods ✔✔Benefits and services available to everyone. Such as, education, sanitation, and parks. They benefit all citizens, but not likely to be voluntarily paid. Promoting equality ✔✔Governments role in redistributing income - taking money from the wealthy to give to the poor Liberalism (according to John Locke) ✔✔The state should leave citizens free to further their individual pursuits Purpose of government (according to john locke's philosophy of liberalism) ✔✔The protection of life, liberty and property 3 values considered to be foundational to American government ✔✔Maintain order, provide public goods, and promote equality Political equality ✔✔One person, one vote Social equality ✔✔Equality in wealth, education and status How does the U.S constitution guarantee political equality? ✔✔Says that anyone can run for office or start a political party Equality of opportunity ✔✔Everyone has the same change to succeed in life (public schools, libraries etc)Equality of outcome ✔✔Must ensure equal rights in economic and social outcomes, equal pay for equal work, money redistribution -equal pay for men and women The ORIGINAL dilemma is freedom vs: ✔✔Order Ex: mandatory testing for HIV/AIDS The MODERN dilemma is freedom vs: ✔✔Equality Ex: Mandating that buses and trains are accessible to people with disabilities Political ideology ✔✔A consistent set of values and beliefs about the proper purpose and scope of government Totalitarianism ✔✔Government should control and do everything Anarchism ✔✔Government shouldn't exist Capitalism ✔✔Favors free enterprise, private business, and government provides safety and public goods (conservatives) Socialism ✔✔Government places strong role in regulating existing private industry and directing the economy. Does allow some private ownership (liberals / welfare programs) What kind of economic system would libertarians support? ✔✔Capitalism becuase its the least amount of government controlLibertarian ✔✔Freedom vs Freedom Wants all liberty and freedom, government is only for police and national defense Conservative ✔✔Order vs Freedom Use goverment for freedom and order, not equality Support free enterprise and argue against goverment job programs, regulation of business and legislation for working conditions and wage rates Communitarian ✔✔Order vs Equality Goverment for order and equality (academic theory) Inclined to trade freedom for both order and equality Liberal ✔✔Freedom vs Equality Goverment to promote equality, but not laws and social order (social security, welfare programs, wiling to tax) See a positive role for government in helping the disadvantaged Autocracy ✔✔One individual has the power Oligarchy ✔✔Rule by an elite (few people) Democracy ✔✔Rule by the peopleSupport harsher punishment for drug crimes ✔✔Conservatives Support increased spending on public housing ✔✔Liberals Oppose government except for protection of life/property ✔✔Libertarianism Support higher income taxes (progressive tax) ✔✔Liberals Support more regulation of big business ✔✔Liberals Support lower taxes ✔✔Conservatives Support legalization of drugs ✔✔Libertarianism Indirect (representative) Democracy ✔✔Citizens elect public officials to make decisions on heir behalf - Americans vote Direct (participatory) Democracy ✔✔Universal participation. All members govern on their behalf. Works in small cities Majoritarian model of democracy ✔✔Assumes people...are interested in politics, are knowledgeable about politics and have consisten opinions about politics. Emphasizes the importance of public opinion Believes elections are important Believes government should be responsive to the general publicPluralist Model of democracy ✔✔Believes decentralized, group participation is important Believes government should be responsive to interest groups Pluralist ✔✔Government by the people operating through competing interest groups. Democracy exists when many (plural) organizations operate separately from the government, press their interest on the government, and even challenge the government Majoritarian ✔✔Government by the "majority of the people" relies on what's fair. Election on a policy issue = referendum. Petition to put a policy question on ballot = ballot initiative Elite theory ✔✔The view that a small group (a minority) makes most of the important government decisions. The group would mainly be people connected through wealth and business A system of government where voters elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf, and where those representatives respond to public opinion, would best be characterized by the terms: ✔✔An indirect democracy and majoritarianism Social contract theory ✔✔Says that people agree to establish rulers for certain purposes, but that they have the right to resist or remove rulers who violate those purposes What is a republic? ✔✔Government without a monarch (king/queen). Rooted in consent of the governed, whose power is exercised by elected representatives responsible to governHow is the term, republic, related to the idea of popular sovereignty hat is reflected in the social contract theory and the Declaration of Independence? ✔✔The individual elected will do what they can to help us, well aware of what can happen if the rights of the people aren't granted Who has more power under a confederation, the state of the national government? ✔✔The states What powers did the states have under the articles of confederation? ✔✔All the power - there was no central government. There was 13 colonies that established the first government What were some of the major weaknesses of the articles of confederation? ✔✔Didn't have the power to tax (unable to pay for war) Didn't have an independent leader - government could not regulate interstate and national commerce How does shays rebellion serve as an example of the weakness of the articles of confederation? ✔✔The national government couldn't tax so it was up to the states. Massachusetts enforced high interest rates and high state taxes forcing farmers into debt. The march of Shays rebellion was the result central ideas associated with the VA plan ✔✔1 house - all have equal representation central ideas associated with the NJ plan ✔✔2 houses - proportionate reps to state population how were the differences between NJ and VA plan resolved in the great compromise ✔✔2 chambers of houses - bicameralism, based on population size senate with every state rep equally represented legislative branch based on both houseswhat feature of the VA plan did NOT become part of the constitution ✔✔the executive brand would be selected by the legislature what feature of the VA plan DID become part of the constitution ✔✔separation of powers bicameralism what 4 elements form the foundation of the american political tradition in the preamble of the US constitution ✔✔more perfect union creates we the people fashions a government reasons and goals of the constitution 4 basic principles of the US constitution ✔✔separation of powers checks and balances republicanism federalism what basic principle most closely aligns with the social contract theory's idea that people should have the power to set up their government ✔✔federalism - according to the constitution, the powers vested in the national government and state governments are derived from the people who remain the ultimate sovereigns how does checks and balances work ✔✔power to audit other branches legislative - make laws executive - enforce laws judicial - interpret laws supremacy clause ✔✔article VI asserts that national laws take precedence over state and local lawsenumerated powers ✔✔means that congress can exercise only the powers that the constitution assigns to it necessary and proper clause ✔✔aka "elastic clause" - gives congress the means to execute enumerated powers how do implied powers come from the necessary and proper clause ✔✔need to be executed by congress Article I: the legislative branch ✔✔necessary and proper clause limits governments enumerated powers 2 sections of congress-senate and house of rep article II: the executive branch ✔✔expressed and appointed powers president and the executive officers, commander in chief - power to grand pardons article III: the judicial branch ✔✔judicial powers /supreme court interpret laws for supreme and lower courts made by congress article IV: the states ✔✔full faith and credit clause judicial acts and criminal warrants of each state are to be honored in all states article V ✔✔amendment processonly way the constitution can be changed is to add an amendment by 2/3 congress and 3/4 states article VI: ✔✔supremacy clause supreme law of the land. must uphold the constitution article VII: ✔✔ratification 9/13 states to ratify the constitution who were the federalists and what did they want ✔✔wanted a strong national government / were for the new constitution. wanted federal government to add a bill of rights who ere the anti-federalists and what did they want ✔✔against the new constitution / federal government is too big and takes away peoples rights / bill of rights to protect against stronger government / new president would be king central ideas of federalist paper #10 ✔✔how to balance freedom and maintain law and order. majority factions cannot take away minority rights / failed because of factions (interest groups) factions ✔✔interest groups central ideas of federalist paper # 51 ✔✔separate branches of power / add checks and balances / stop extreme factions that wanted to take over how was the US constitution ratified ✔✔constitutional convention JULY 1788 took 2 years and 12 amendments what was the chief obstacle to the adoption of the Constitution by the states ✔✔omission of the bill of rightshow long did it take for the bill of rights to be ratified after the US constitution was passed ✔✔took 6 months bill of rights ✔✔first 10 amendments - it restrains the national government from tempering with fundamental rights and civil liberties formal amendment process ✔✔used to change the constitution two stages - proposal and ratification proposal stage of amendment process ✔✔needs a 2/3 vote from both the houses (senate and house of rep) or a national convention by congress by 2/3 of state legislatures ratification stage ✔✔3/4 of state legislatures (26th amendment) or a constitutional convention and 3/4 states. after an amendment has been ratified it cannon be undone federalism ✔✔2 or more governments exercise power and authority over the same people and the same territory (a central and regional government) dual federalism ✔✔there are clear differences between sate and national powers, functions and responsibilities primary importance under dual federalism ✔✔sates rights (the idea that all rights other than those specifically specified under the national government are reserved for the states) 10th amendment ✔✔the powers not delegated to the US nor prohibited to the states are "reserved to the states respectively, or to the people"(which amendment protects other powers for the states?) dual federalism ✔✔layered cake state and national rights are sperate cooperative federalism ✔✔marbled cake (overlapping of state and national powers and rejects the idea of separate spheres, no concentrated power) how is the elastic clause interpreted under cooperative federalism ✔✔broadly, thus expanding the powers of the national government elastic clause ✔✔gives congress the power to make ALL laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying execution for power what time represents when the greatest changes to national power usually happen ✔✔during times of crisis and change EX: civil war , great depression , 9/11 McCulloch v MD, what was the court asked to decide in regards to a national bank? how did the court interpret the necessary and proper clause in deciding the outcome? ✔✔whether or not congress has the power to establish a national bank and if so where the states have the power to tax the bank. congress has the power to charter a bank, sate could not tax because it represents the best interest of the nation as a whole commerce clause ✔✔3rd clause of article I section 8