WGU C224 Official Study Guide Latest
2022 Rated A
Data collected in qualitative research are analyzed and interpreted and then written using a
__________ report style that is less formal and includes contextual descri
...
WGU C224 Official Study Guide Latest
2022 Rated A
Data collected in qualitative research are analyzed and interpreted and then written using a
__________ report style that is less formal and includes contextual description and direct
quotations. ✔✔Narrative
Consumers of research can evaluate the strength of a study's evidence by using... ✔✔Critical
Thinking
The ultimate goal of exploratory research is to provide what for researchers? ✔✔Understanding
What is NOT a primary objective of educational research? ✔✔Action
What research type is best utilized at solving pressing local issues within educational
communities? ✔✔Action Research
Applied research (e.g., action research) seeks to answer questions in what setting? ✔✔Real world
setting
In deciding on whether a particular community program should be continued, what technique
should a policy maker employ? ✔✔Summative Evaluation
Deductive Reasoning ✔✔The process of drawing a conclusion that is essentially true if the
underlying premises are true
Ex:
Major premise: All schoolteachers are mortal.
Minor premise: John is a schoolteacher.Conclusion: Therefore, John is mortal.
Inductive Reasoning ✔✔the foundational premises act as helpful but not decisive reasons toward
acceptance of a conclusion
Ex:
If a person gets up every morning to see evidence of the sun in the sky (either clearly in view or
behind clouds), that person is likely to conclude that the sun will appear in the sky in some fashion
the next morning
Psychological factors ✔✔Examining characteristics of individuals and individual-level
phenomena (example: learning disabilities)
Sociological factors ✔✔Examining how groups form and change
Confirmatory (Right Side down) ✔✔Deductive
Exploratory (Left Side up) ✔✔Inductive
What does the problem of induction explain about the future? ✔✔It might not be similar to the
past
What source of knowledge asserts that "many truths are knowable independent of observation"?
✔✔Rationalism
What characterizes the diagram below, containing both exploratory and confirmatory research
methods? ✔✔Cyclical
Which of the following is NOT an example of a sociological factor studied by educational
researchers? ✔✔How groups and individuals affect one anotherWhen evaluating a particular theory, which question would not be suitable to ask? ✔✔Does it
provide irrefutable assertions?
The phrase "This research study provides findings to support . . ." is reflective of what principle?
✔✔Evidence
Theories can have many characteristics. Which characteristic is not likely to be one of them?
✔✔Indisputable = not deniable
What purpose does reason serve, according to the philosophical idea of rationalism? ✔✔The
source of knowledge
What does the problem of induction explain about the future? ✔✔It might not be similar to the
past.
Which statement is reflective of a replication study? ✔✔Conducting an instructional intervention
study of at-risk high school students using techniques shown to be effective in a previous study,
but adjusting to fit the new participants' state curriculum standards
Which research approach uses a "narrow-angle lens" focusing on only one or a few causal factors
at the same time ✔✔Quantitative Research
Quantitative researchers most often follow which scientific method to test hypotheses?
✔✔Confirmatory
A researcher wants to know whether students who do well in high school algebra classes also do
well in college statistics classes. The researcher asks students to self-report their algebra grades at
the start of statistics class and then records their midterm and final exams.The purpose of this quantitative study is to... ✔✔Predict students academic performance in
statistics class
What type of research can be generalized and replicated in order to confirm validity and reliability
of the data? ✔✔Quantitative Research
What type of research's data does not always provide information about the context?
✔✔Quantitative Research
Quantitative research suggest that behavior is... ✔✔Not fully determined/unique
Quantitative research often focuses on testing... ✔✔Specific hypotheses
Research suggests that college students with high levels of social anxiety also tend to have
difficulty getting along with their roommates. Is this a positive or negative correlation?
✔✔Negative Correlation
Nonexperimental research designs are... ✔✔- Correlational
- Predictive
- Causal-comparative methods (studies that examine how different preexisting groups vary on a
variable or variables)
Causal-Comparative Methods ✔✔Studies that examine how different preexisting groups vary on
a variable or variables
Comparing groups
The purpose of experimental research is to determine... ✔✔Cause-and-effect relationshipsCorrelational Research ✔✔The researcher studies the relationship between one or more
quantitative independent variables and one or more quantitative dependent variables
What is a characteristic of nonexperimental research design? ✔✔No manipulation of independent
variables
What is considered the best design for establishing a cause-and-effect relationship?
✔✔Experimental Research
Quantitative research is most useful for determining cause-and-effect relationships when...
✔✔Random assignment is used
For researchers looking to gather information regarding study participant opinions, which tool
would be recommended? ✔✔Rating scales
Why is it said that quantitative researchers use a "narrow-angle" lens in studies? ✔✔A small
number of causal factors are focused on.
Which tool is designed to collect data by including question items, response categories, and
instructions for researchers? ✔✔Interview protocol
If quantitative researchers utilize a nonrandom sample, it is also known as which type of sample?
✔✔A biased sample
What is the relationship between variables and constants? ✔✔A constant is a single value of the
larger variable group.
Variables serve many functions in quantitative research studies, except for __________.
✔✔discrediting experimentsWhen determining a cause-and-effect relationship between variables, what has to be present?
✔✔Changes in the independent variable causing changes in the dependent variable
If random sampling is required to test a given hypothesis, which method of quantitative research
would be the most effective? ✔✔Experimental
In considering two-variable correlational and causal-comparative research studies, which of the
following is not an important problem to consider? ✔✔Lack of extraneous variables
When based on random samples, quantitative research is very useful for making __________.
✔✔Statistical generalizations about populations
Of the different forms of explanatory research _____________
studies are generally believed to be the strongest for establishing cause-and-effect relationships.
✔✔Experimental
Which of the following is indicative of quantitative research ontology? ✔✔Reality is objective.
Quantitative observation involves the standardization of all observational procedures, including
all of the following except __________. ✔✔Why observations take place
In data collection of quantitative studies, nonrandom samples are also referred to as what?
✔✔Biased samples
Which of the following is a key problem with two-variable cases of nonexperimental research?
✔✔Unclear temporal order of the variables
Overly abstract theories are considered what in terms of quantitative research strengths and
limitations? ✔✔WeaknessA weakness of quantitative research studies is the possibility of producing __________. ✔✔overly
abstract theories
A researcher hypothesizes that people who score high on a happiness scale will also say that they
have strong social networks and a healthy immune system.
To test his hypothesis, the researcher should conduct ✔✔Correlational research
A researcher wants to know if students who do well in high school algebra classes also do well in
college statistics classes. The researcher asks students to self-report their algebra grades at the start
of statistics class and then records their midterm and final exams.
The purpose of this quantitative study is to ✔✔Predict students' academic performance in statistics
class
The ability to generalize findings to many different populations is a ___________
of quantitative research. ✔✔Strength
Qualitative researchers often contend that reality is... ✔✔socially constructed
The ______ of qualitative studies involves a "wide-angle" lens to capture the entirety of a
phenomenon ✔✔Research Focus
Phenomenology ✔✔The study of individuals' own unique, first-person, conscious experience.
Ethnography ✔✔The scientific description of the customs of individual peoples and cultures.
Narrative Inquiry ✔✔Research that views stories - whether gathered through field notes,
interviews, oral tales, blogs, letters, or autobiographies - as fundamental to human experience.Case Study ✔✔An observation technique in which one person is studied in depth in the hope of
revealing universal principles
Grounded Theory ✔✔An inductive method of generating theory from data by creating categories
in which to place data and then looking for relationships among categories
Data Triangulation ✔✔Use of multiple forms of data to capture a single phenomenon
Theory Triangulation ✔✔Involves the use of a variety of theories and perspectives to explain the
phenomena under study (including prior theories and other researchers' perspectives)
A researcher is interested in learning about the similarities and differences between five students'
experiences of participating in an after-school club.
Qualitative research is appropriate to address this kind of research question because ✔✔Crosscase analysis can be conducted
Qualitative researchers try to understand multiple layers of reality in research settings. Which of
the following is not an example of one of these layers? ✔✔Results from outside studies
Which method of research allows qualitative studies' explanations to develop throughout the
process? ✔✔Exploratory (bottom-up)
Qualitative researchers try to understand multiple layers of reality in research settings. Which of
the following is not an example of one of these layers? ✔✔Results from outside studies
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