Psychology 101 Exam 1 Latest 2022 Already Passed. Rated A

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Psychology 101 Exam 1 Latest 2022 Already Passed Psychology ✔✔The scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior Where did psychology branch out from? ✔✔Physiology and Philosophy ... Structuralism ✔✔Focused on the structure of consciousness and the mind (not identified with anymore) 2 Structuralists ✔✔Wundt and Titchener Functionalism ✔✔Focused on the function of the mind in helping people adapt to their environment (not identified with anymore) 2 Functionalists ✔✔Darwin and James 3 Broad ways of understanding psychological phenomena ✔✔Theoretical Propositions, Shared Metaphors, Accepted Methods of Observation Modern Perspectives ✔✔Psychodynamic, Behaviorist, Cognitive, Evolutionary Psychodynamic ✔✔started by Sigmund Freud; case studies, not easy to test or prove because of small sample size Behaviorist ✔✔Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner; mental processes are byproducts of environmental events; experimentBehaviorist Metaphor ✔✔People are like machines Cognitive ✔✔Wundt; focuses on how people perceive, process and retrieve information (Perspective) Cognitive Metaphor ✔✔Brain like a computer Evolutionary ✔✔Darwin; behaviors have come about because they helped our ancestors survive Evolutionary Metaphor ✔✔runners in a race Biopsychology ✔✔Physical bases of psychological phenomena (sub-discipline) Developmental psychology ✔✔How thought, feeling, and behavior develops through life span Social Psychology ✔✔Influence of real or imagined others influence on the individual Industrial/Organizational Psychology ✔✔Human behavior within an organization as well as organizational problems (sub-discipline) Educational Psychology ✔✔Psychological processes in learning environments (sub-discipline) Health Psychology ✔✔Psychological factors involved in health and disease Clinical Psychology ✔✔Nature and treatment of psychological processes leading to emotional distress Cognitive Psychology ✔✔Nature of mental process such as thought, memory, languagePersonality Psychology ✔✔Enduring patterns of thought, feeling and behavior for types of people or individuals (sub-discipline) Theory ✔✔Systematic way of organizing and explaining observations Variable ✔✔changes across circumstance or varies among individuals Hypothesis ✔✔a tentative belief or guess predicting or explaining the relationship between 2 or more variables Continuous Variable ✔✔a variable rated from none to much (amount of variable) Categorical Variable ✔✔a variable rated in groups or categories (definite answers like man/woman) Standardized Procedure ✔✔doing the same thing with each participant in the same way (e.g. how the procedure is explained) Population ✔✔the group you want to be able to generalize to Sample ✔✔the group participating in the experiment Generalizability ✔✔how much the findings apply to your population Internal Validity ✔✔the methods are valid External Validity ✔✔generalizable outside of the lab Measure ✔✔a concrete way of assessing a variableReliability ✔✔produces consistent results Test-Retest Reliability ✔✔being able to test the participants again over time and getting the same results Internal Consistency (or reliability) ✔✔do all of the items in a test measure the same thing Interrater Reliability ✔✔do different people rate the behaviors in the same way Face Validity ✔✔does it look like it measures what it says it measures (sometimes psychologists want this to be low) Construct Validity ✔✔does it measure what it is supposed to Criterion Validity ✔✔does it relate to other measures like it should Error ✔✔the part of a score that is unrelated to the person's true score (some people are more inclined in certain things that could affect the experiment) Descriptive Research types ✔✔Case Studies, Naturalistic Observation, Survey Research and Correlational Case Study ✔✔in depth observation of a small group of participants (useful at be [Show More]

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