NR 324 Final Exam Review

NR 324 Final Exam Topic Review Adult Health 1 1. Priority labs for patient with HIV, how it is transmitted HIV-related testing include: HIV serology - If prior results demonstrating evidence of HIV infection (HIV ant ...

NR 324 Final Exam Topic Review Adult Health 1 1. Priority labs for patient with HIV, how it is transmitted HIV-related testing include: HIV serology - If prior results demonstrating evidence of HIV infection (HIV antibody or viral load testing) are unavailable and the viral load upon presentation is expected to be undetectable (the patient is taking antiretroviral agents), serologic testing is warranted to establish the diagnosis. CD4 cell count and percentage- Patients with HIV should have a CD4 count and CD4 cell count percentage performed at initiation of care. Viral load-A baseline plasma viral load should be performed upon initiation to care. It affects the selection of antiretroviral regimen (ie, certain drugs should not be used in patients with high HIV RNA levels [ie, >100,000 copies/mL]) and is used to assess response to ART. Resistance testing- HIV genotype testing for mutations in the viral reverse transcriptase and protease associated with antiretroviral drug resistance is recommended for all patients with HIV entering care, regardless of whether ART is initiated. This should be performed as soon as possible, ideally during acute or early infection. Additional tests to inform ART selection- Prior to initiating certain antiretroviral agents, screening tests may be necessary to evaluate for potential adverse reactions and drug activity: HLA-B*5701 testing should be performed before initiating abacavir therapy. Patients who are positive for the HLA B*5701 haplotype are at high risk for hypersensitivity reaction and should not take this drug. General blood and urine testing , Complete blood count, Renal function, Hepatic function, Urine pregnancy test, Glucose and lipid profile, Screening for co-infections, Viral hepatitis, TB, STIs, cervical, bladder cancer etc.