Module 2: Tica/Ike. Questions with accurate answers. 100% verified.2022/2023.

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Module 2: Tica/Ike. Questions with accurate answers. 100% verified.2022/2023. Rank the following from least to most inclusive: ecosystem behavior community population - ✔✔behavior < p... opulation < community < ecosystem On Earth, there are x Hadley Cells and y total atmospheric circulation cells. x=1;y=2 x=2;y=2 x=1;y=3 x=2;y=6 x=1 or 2; y=a variable number - ✔✔x=2;y=6 Theoretically, which would be the most effective way to disrupt a Hadley cell? Increase moisture at the poles. Remove all moisture and convection from the equator. Remove the tilt in the earth's axis so the Sun always shines directly on the equator. Extensively water the deserts. B and C. - ✔✔Remove all moisture and convection from the equator. How are terrestrial biomes arranged? By latitude only By elevation only By longitude only By latitude and elevation None of these - ✔✔By latitude and elevation The figure below shows the salinity of surface waters in the ocean. Note that in both the Atlantic and the Pacific, salinity tends to be lower near the equator than at mid-latitudes in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Why does salinity generally increase between the equator and midlatitudes? Select all correct answers. Rivers inject large quantities of fresh water into the equatorial ocean. The Hadley Cell circulation produces high precipitation in mid-latitude regions around 30˚N and 30˚S The Hadley Cell circulation produces low precipitation and promotes evaporation in mid-latitude regions around 30˚N and 30˚S The Hadley Cell circulation produces high precipitation in equatorial regions. The Hadley Cell circulation produces low precipitation and promotes evaporation in equatorial regions. - ✔✔The Hadley Cell circulation produces low precipitation and promotes evaporation in mid-latitude regions around 30˚N and 30˚S The Hadley Cell circulation produces high precipitation in equatorial regions. Which of the following factors is/are important in driving the circulation of the atmosphere? The rotation of the earth. The very even distribution of solar radiation striking the surface of the earth. Volcanic heating. All of the above. None of the above. - ✔✔The rotation of the earth. Which of the following statements about the Coriolis Effect (CE) is/are correct? Beats me, I've never heard of it... The magnitude of the CE varies with latitude. The CE determines the direction of water flow out of sinks and bathtubs. B and C above. None of the above. - ✔✔The magnitude of the CE varies with latitude. Where are the world's great deserts found, and why? Near the equator because of intense solar inputs. Near the poles because of low water availability. Around 30˚N and S because of atmospheric circulation patterns. All of the above. B and C above. - ✔✔B and C above. Does the general arrangement of biomes in the E and W Hemispheres differ in any consistent way? - ✔✔Biomes run N-S in the W Hemisphere, E-W in the Eastern Hemisphere Why is plant biomass elevated at the equator? - ✔✔Upwelling due to divergence driven by change in Coriolis at the equator. Behavior is best described as A learned trait An action in response to stimulus Interaction between individuals Interaction with non-living (abiotic) factors None of these. - ✔✔An action in response to stimulus Which is not true of sexual selection: Females exert strong selection by choosing mates. Males develop exaggerated secondary sexual characteristics. Males often fight each other for mates. Sexual selection is usually correlated with natural selection, so that both forces enhance the trait value. All of these are true of sexual selection. - ✔✔Sexual selection is usually correlated with natural selection, so that both forces enhance the trait value. According to Hamilton's rule (rB > C), altruistic behaviors can be maintained in a population when the altruist and recipient are first cousins the costs of an altruistic act are balanced by how many genes the altruist and recipient share the costs of altruistic act with a stranger are balanced by benefits incurred Relatedness combined with an increase in fitness more than balance the fitness costs to the altruist none of these. - ✔✔Relatedness combined with an increase in fitness more than balance the fitness costs to the altruist If you ask a question about behavior that concerns how it works, or what its mechanism is, you are asking a question that involves how that behavior affects survival an ultimate causation proximate causation the adaptive significance B and D. - ✔✔proximate causation All of the following are consistent with optimal foraging behavior except For a given resource animals should choose the closer option. Predation risk does not influence foraging decisions when food resources are abundant. How far an animal will travel to forage will depend on the quality of the resource. Animals with lower fat stores would be more likely to forage under riskier conditions. All of the above are consistent with optimal foraging decisions. - ✔✔Predation risk does not influence foraging decisions when food resources are abundant. What is the proximal cause of the stickleback's response to the shapes shown? - ✔✔The red underside. What is the ultimate cause of the stickleback's response to the shapes shown? - ✔✔Protecting nests from competitors What information can bees communicate through motion? Choose all correct answers. Presence of food. Type of food available. Direction of the food resource. Presence of competitors. Distance to the food resource. - ✔✔Presence of food. Direction of the food resource. Distance to the food resource. Many prey reduce their activity level and stop foraging when predators are detected. Prey would be most likely to forage under the threat of predation when: resources are plentiful. resources are scarce. prey forage alone. prey can detect the predator using visual signals. prey are palatable to the predators. - ✔✔resources are scarce. What is the coefficient of relatedness between you and your own offspring? - ✔✔0.5 What is the coefficient of relatedness between you and your niece or nephew? - ✔✔0.25 What is the coefficient of relatedness between you and your cousin (a child of your parent's full sibling)? - ✔✔0.125 What is the coefficient of relatedness between a worker bee, her mother, and her sisters assuming that her mother mated with only one male? - ✔✔rworker−motherrworker−mother = 0.50, rworker−sisterrworker−sister = 0.75 The red layer contains igneous rock. Given that the yellow layer is Cambrian, what method would be useful to date the igneous rocks in the red layer? - ✔✔potassium-40/argon-40 dating The half-life of carbon-14 is approximately 5730 years. For carbon-14/carbon-12 ratios, the practical limit of detection is about 0.1%, or 1/1000 of the original carbon-14/carbon-12 ratio. Approximately how many half-lives does this correspond to? What's the oldest fossil that carbon-dating can be used on? 1; 1000 6; 60,000 100; 100,000 10; 60,000 6; 100,000 - ✔✔10; 60,000 A snail population lives in the mud at the bottom of a lake. You would predict that the population experiences summer conditions of cold water temperatures high oxygen concentration low nutrient availability All of these B and C. - ✔✔cold water temperatures Viewed from above the North Pole, the earth rotates counterclockwise on its axis. If the earth instead rotated clockwise on its axis, but nothing else changed, which of the following patterns would be altered most dramatically? The angle that the sun hits the earth The arrangement of terrestrial biomes Upwelling locations along the coast. The location of rain shadows inland of coastal ranges C and D. - ✔✔C and D. If you ask a question about behavior that concerns its impact on fitness, you are asking a question that involves how that behavior affects survival an ultimate causation proximate causation the adaptive significance B and D. - ✔✔ultimate causation During a field trip, your TA startled a moth resting on a tree trunk. The moth raised its forewings to reveal large eyespots on its hind wings. Your classmate Jimal predicted that the moth lifted its wings because sensory receptors had fired and triggered a neuronal reflex culminating in the contraction of certain muscles. Another student Chen responded that the behavior might frighten predators. Which statement best describes these explanations? Jimal is correct, while Chen is incorrect. Jimal described ultimate causation, whereas Chen described proximate causation. Jimal's explanation is purely physical, whereas the second is biological. Jimal described proximate causation, whereas Chen described ultimate causation. Both students have supplied biological explanations of proximate causation. - ✔✔Jimal described proximate causation, whereas Chen described ultimate causation. The prediction regarding the evolution of altruism that can be made from Hamilton's "rule" rB > C is selection favors self-sacrifice in reproduction cooperation evolves because it benefits all members of a species cooperation evolves because it enhances the species' fitness natural selection will favor cooperation among close relatives natural selection will favor cooperation among any individuals - ✔✔natural selection will favor cooperation among close relatives The exponential equation of population growth describes a population where the growth rate slows as the population size increases. population growth limited by the maximum population size that the habitat can sustain. a population growing at its intrinsic rate of natural increase. A and B. B and C. - ✔✔a population growing at its intrinsic rate of natural increase. With the addition of resource limitation, what change do you expect in the number of births as population size increases? In the number of deaths? decrease in births, no change in deaths decrease in births, increase in deaths no change in births, no change in deaths no change in births, increase in deaths [Show More]

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