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MED SURGE 2022 Nutrition and Malnutrition
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Nutrition is a continuum, ranging from under- to excess-nutrition Calorie/kc = energy Carbs = main source of calories/energy Fats = satiety and another energy source Proteins = tissue growth, repair ... , maintenance and energy Minerals = Ca, Cl, Mg, Ph, K, Na, S, Zinc, Iron, and more. (some are electrolytes as well) Vitamins = metabolism of amino acids, fats, carbs - Water soluble = C, B - Fat soluble = A, D, E, K Risk factors for nutrition imbalance ● All hospitalized individuals are potentially at risk ● Low socioeconomic status ● Race ● Ethnicity ● GREATEST RISK are very young children, elderly adults Individual risk factors: ● Genetics ● Lifestyle ● Inconsistent eating patterns ● Conditions affecting: ○ Oral intake (lacking teeth? NPO?) ○ Impaired digestion ○ Imparied metabolism ● Medications (chemo, steroids) Assessment: ● Anthropometric measurements - height, weight, BMI ● PE - physical appearance ● History UNDER-NUTRITION Under-nutrition - Protein-Calorie Malnutrition (PCM) ● Primary - starvation related PCM (anorexia, chronic starvation) ● Secondary - chronic disease-related PCM - caloric intake should be sufficient but tissue needs aren’t met due to disease process (cancer, RA, etc) ● Acute disease/injury related malnutrition (burns, traumas, major infections) Causes of under-nut [Show More]
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