HISTORY 101Guided Reading AMSCO Chapter 23

1 Name:________________________________________ Class Period:_____ The Modern Era of the “Roaring Twenties,” APUSH Review Guide for AMSCO chapter 23. Students without the AMSCO book may use American Pageant chapters ...

1 Name:________________________________________ Class Period:_____ The Modern Era of the “Roaring Twenties,” APUSH Review Guide for AMSCO chapter 23. Students without the AMSCO book may use American Pageant chapters 32 & 33 or other resources. This guide is optional and worth bonus points on the next quiz for students completing guide IN ITS ENTIRETY BY QUIZ DATE. Directions Print document and take notes in the spaces provided. Read through the guide before you begin reading. This step will help you focus on the most significant ideas and information as you read. Pictured at left: Al Capone, Louis Armstrong, Flappers, John Scopes, Babe Ruth, public domain photos, WikiCommons) Learning Goals: Defend or refute the following statement: The American economy and way of life dramatically changed during the 1920s as consumerism became the new American ideal. Identify and evaluate specific ways the culture of modernism in science, the arts, and entertainment conflicted with religious fundamentalism, nativism, and Prohibition. To what extent did the 1920s witness economic, social, and political gains for African Americans and women? To what extent did these years “roar?” To what extent was American foreign policy in the 1920s isolationist? Key Concepts FOR PERIOD 7: Main Idea: An increasingly pluralistic United States faced profound domestic and global challenges, debated the proper degree of government activism, and sought to define its international role. Key Concept 7.1: Governmental, political, and social organizations struggled to address the effects of large-scale industrialization, economic uncertainty, and related social changes such as urbanization and mass migration. Key Concept 7.2: A revolution in communications and transportation technology helped to create a new mass culture and spread “modern” values and ideas, even as cultural conflicts between groups increased under the pressure of migration, world wars, and economic distress. Key Concept 7.3: Global conflicts over resources, territories, and ideologies renewed debates over the nation’s values and its role in the world, while simultaneously propelling the United States into a dominant international military, political, cultural, and economic position. Guided Reading: The Modern Era of the 1920s, pp 475- 489 Answer the following questions by reviewing main events, defining terms, and analyzing significance in the spaces provided. 1. Republican Control, pp 475-477 Analyze the significance of Warren Harding’s landslide victory in the election of 1920 and explain the political and economic changes under his leadership. Main Events/Ideas Definitions/Explanations Analysis Harding was the first of three Republican presidents in the 1920s. Republican dominance during the 1920s illustrated American desire to “return to normalcy” following the Great War. a. Old Guard b. Harding’s Cabinet c. William Howard Taft’s appointment to Supreme Court …continued on next page… Old Guard… Harding’s Cabinet… Compare the “Return to Normalcy” business doctrine to the “laissezfaire” of the Gilded Age.2 Harding was the first of three Republican presidents in the 1920s. Republican dominance during the 1920s illustrated American desire to “return to normalcy” following the Great War. …continued from previous page… d. Republican Domestic Policy e. Pardoning Eugene Debs f. Teapot Dome g. Esch-Cummins Transportation Act of 1920 h. Merchant Marine Act of 1920 i. Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act of 1922 j. Bureau of the Budget Republican Control… Business Doctrine… The Presidency of Warren Harding… A Few Good Choices… Harding’s Domestic Policy… 1) 2) 3) Eugene Debs… Scandals and Death… Compare the 1920s Republican view on taxes and tariffs to the Progressive views of Teddy, Taft, and Wilson. What is the key to understanding these differences? Compare the leadership of Warren G. Harding to the leadership of Ulysses S. Grant. What is the significance of this comparison? Analyze the impact Calvin Coolidge and Herbert Hoover’s leadership had on the nation. Main Events/Ideas Definitions/Explanations Analysis Calvin Coolidge became President following the death of President Harding. He was then elected in 1924. He continued Old Guard leadership. a. “The business of America is business” b. Election of 1924 c. New Progressive Party & Robert La Follette d. American Legion, 1919 and the Adjusted Compensation Act, 1924 e. Agricultural Credits Act of 1923 f. McNary-Haugen Bill of 1928 g. Boulder Canyon Project Act, 1928 Herbert Hoover was elected in 1928, the final of the three Republican presidents in the “Roaring” decade. a. Alfred E. Smith and the Election of 1928 b. “Coolidge Prosperity” The Presidency of Calvin Coolidge… Election of 1924 & a new Progressive Party… Vetoes and inaction… Hoover, Smith, and the Election of 1928… Explain the significance of the Progressive Party in the election of 1924, and compare this to the election of 1892 with the Populist Party. Why did Coolidge veto so many new programs? Explain the short and long term significance of the McNary-Haugen Bill and the Boulder Canyon Project. Support or refute the following characterization: the U.S. government during the 1920s was more “progressive” than “laissez-faire.”3 Mixed Economic Development, pp 477-479 Explain how the American economy developed and changed during the 1920s. Main Events/Ideas Definitions/Explanations Analysis The “Roaring Twenties” was overall an era of economic expansion with standard of living and income increasing as well as low unemployment. However, some parts of the population remained in poverty, and economic woes in agriculture foreshadowed the coming bust in 1929. New technologies contributed to improved standards of living, greater personal mobility, and better communications systems. a. Business Boom, 1919- 1929 -Scientific Management -Mass Production -Assembly Line -oil and gas -electric motors -tax cuts -Federal Reserve policies -consumerism -Buying on credit -advertising b. Agricultural Doom, 1919-1929 -end of WWI -heavy debt -new technologies - surplus c. Decreased Labor