Lippincott’s Review for NCLEX-PN NINTH EDITION

Lippincott’s Review for NCLEX-PN NINTH EDITION ® Lippincott’s Review for NCLEX-PN NINTH EDITION Barbara Kuhn Timby, RN, BC, BSN, MA Professor Emeritus Glen Oaks Community College Centreville, Michigan Ann ...

Lippincott’s Review for NCLEX-PN NINTH EDITION ® Lippincott’s Review for NCLEX-PN NINTH EDITION Barbara Kuhn Timby, RN, BC, BSN, MA Professor Emeritus Glen Oaks Community College Centreville, Michigan Ann Carmack, RN, MSN Director of Nursing Brown Mackie College–Kansas City Campus Lenexa, Kansas Diana L. Rupert, RN, MSN, PhD Administrator Indiana County Technology Center School of Practical Nursing Assistant Professor, Nursing and Allied Health Professions Indiana University of Pennsylvania Indiana, Pennsylvania ® Publisher: J. Christopher Burghardt Acquisitions Editor: Bill Lamsback Product Director: David Moreau Product Manager: Rosanne Hallowell Copy Editor: Mary T. Durkin Proofreader: Linda R. Garber Editorial Assistants: Karen J. Kirk, Jeri O’Shea, Linda K. Ruhf Design Coordinator: Joan Wendt Illustration Coordinators: Brett MacNaughton and Kate Zulak Vendor Manager: Cynthia Rudy Manufacturing Manager: Beth J. Welsh Production Service: SPi Global 9th edition Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. © 2009 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business. © 2006 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their offi cial duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at 323 Norristown Road, Suite 300, Ambler, PA 19002, via email at [email protected], or via our website at lww.com (products and services). 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in China Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Timby, Barbara Kuhn. Lippincott’s review for NCLEX-PN. — 9th ed. / Barbara Kuhn Timby, Ann Carmack, Diana L. Rupert. p. ; cm. Review for NCLEX-PN ISBN 978-1-4511-1662-5 1. Practical nursing—Examinations, questions, etc. 2. National Council Licensure Examination for Practical/Vocational Nurses—Study guides. I. Carmack, Ann. II. Rupert, Diana L. III. Title. IV. Title: Review for NCLEX-PN. [DNLM: 1. Nursing, Practical—Examination Questions. WY 18.2] RT62.T56 2012 610.7306’93076—dc23 2011023324 Care has been taken to confi rm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors, editors, and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of the information in a particular situation remains the professional responsibility of the practitioner; the clinical treatments described and recommended may not be considered absolute and universal recommendations. The authors, editors, and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant fl ow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice. LWW.com v Contents CONTRIBUTORS ix PREFACE x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xii FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS xiii HOW TO USE THIS BOOK xx UNIT 1 The Nursing Care of Adults with Medical-Surgical Disorders 1 TEST 1 The Nursing Care of Clients with Musculoskeletal Disorders 2 Nursing Care of Clients with Musculoskeletal Injuries 2 Nursing Care of Clients with Fractures 3 Nursing Care of Clients with Casts 5 Nursing Care of Clients in Traction 6 Nursing Care of Clients with Inflammatory Joint Disorders 8 Nursing Care of Clients with Degenerative Bone Disorders 11 Nursing Care of Clients with Amputations 12 Nursing Care of Clients with Skeletal Tumors 12 Nursing Care of Clients with Herniated Intervertebral Disks 13 Correct Answers and Rationales 14 TEST 2 The Nursing Care of Clients with Neurologic System Disorders 39 Nursing Care of Clients with Infectious and Inflammatory Conditions 39 Nursing Care of Clients with Seizure Disorders 40 Nursing Care of Clients with Neurologic Trauma 41 Nursing Care of Clients with Degenerative Disorders 42 Nursing Care of Clients with Cerebrovascular Disorders 44 Nursing Care of Clients with Tumors of the Neurologic System 46 Nursing Care of Clients with Nerve Disorders 47 Correct Answers and Rationales 49 TEST 3 The Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of Sensory Organs and the Integument 71 Nursing Care of Clients with Eye Disorders 71 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of Accessory Eye Structures 75 Nursing Care of Clients with Ear Disorders 75 Nursing Care of Clients with Nasal Disorders 78 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Skin and Related Structures 79 Correct Answers and Rationales 83 TEST 4 The Nursing Care of Clients with Endocrine Disorders 108 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Pituitary Gland 108 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Thyroid Gland 109 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Parathyroid Glands 111 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Adrenal Glands 111 Nursing Care of Clients with Pancreatic Endocrine Disorders 113 Correct Answers and Rationales 118 TEST 5 The Nursing Care of Clients with Cardiac Disorders 139 Nursing Care of Clients with Hypertensive Heart Disease 139 Nursing Care of Clients with Coronary Artery Disease 140 vi Contents Nursing Care of Clients with Myocardial Infarction 143 Nursing Care of Clients with Congestive Heart Failure 146 Nursing Care of Clients with Conduction Disorders 147 Nursing Care of Clients with Valvular Disorders 148 Nursing Care of Clients with Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders of the Heart 149 Correct Answers and Rationales 150 TEST 6 The Nursing Care of Clients with Peripheral Vascular, Hematologic, and Lymphatic Disorders 175 Nursing Care of Clients with Venous Disorders 175 Nursing Care of Clients with Arterial Disorders 178 Nursing Care of Clients with Red Blood Cell Disorders 179 Nursing Care of Clients with White Blood Cell Disorders 181 Nursing Care of Clients with Bone Marrow Disorders 183 Nursing Care of Clients with Coagulation Disorders 185 Nursing Care of Clients with Inflammatory and Obstructive Lymphatic Disorders 185 Correct Answers and Rationales 186 TEST 7 The Nursing Care of Clients with Respiratory Disorders 211 Nursing Care of Clients with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 211 Nursing Care of Clients with Inflammatory and Allergic Disorders of the Upper Airways 212 Nursing Care of Clients with Cancer of the Larynx 213 Nursing Care of Clients with Inflammatory and Infectious Disorders of the Lower Airways 214 Nursing Care of Clients with Asthma 217 Nursing Care of Clients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 218 Nursing Care of Clients with Lung Cancer 219 Nursing Care of Clients with Chest Injuries 220 Nursing Care of Clients with Pulmonary Embolism 221 Nursing Care of Clients with Tracheostomies 221 Nursing Care of Clients with Sudden Airway Occlusion 222 Correct Answers and Rationales 223 TEST 8 The Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System and Accessory Organs of Digestion 247 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Mouth 247 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Esophagus 248 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Stomach 250 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Small Intestine 252 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Large Intestine 253 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Rectum and Anus 258 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Gallbladder 259 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Liver 260 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Pancreas 262 Nursing Care of Clients with Culturally Diverse Backgrounds 263 Correct Answers and Rationales 264 TEST 9 The Nursing Care of Clients with Urologic Disorders 297 Nursing Care of Clients with Urinary Incontinence 297 Nursing Care of Clients with Infectious and Inflammatory Urologic Disorders 298 Nursing Care of Clients with Renal Failure 301 Nursing Care of Clients with Urologic Obstructions 302 Nursing Care of Clients with Urologic Tumors 304 Nursing Care of Clients with Urinary Diversions 305 Nursing Care of Clients with Culturally Diverse Backgrounds 306 Correct Answers and Rationales 307 TEST 10 The Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders of the Reproductive System 326 Nursing Care of Clients with Breast Disorders 326 Nursing Care of Clients with Disturbances in Menstruation 329 Nursing Care of Clients with Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders of the Female Reproductive System 330 Nursing Care of Clients with Benign and Malignant Disorders of the Uterus and Ovaries 330 Nursing Care of Clients with Miscellaneous Disorders of the Female Reproductive System 332 Nursing Care of Clients with Inflammatory Disorders of the Male Reproductive System 333 Nursing Care of Clients with Structural Disorders of the Male Reproductive System 334 Nursing Care of Clients with Benign and Malignant Disorders of the Male Reproductive System 334 Nursing Care of Clients with Sexually Transmitted Infections 335 Nursing Care of Clients Practicing Family Planning 336 Correct Answers and Rationales 339 Contents vii UNIT 2 The Nursing Care of the Childbearing Family 363 TEST 11 The Nursing Care of Clients During the Antepartum Period 364 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems 364 Signs and Symptoms of Pregnancy 365 Assessing the Pregnant Client 366 Nutritional Needs During Pregnancy 367 Teaching the Pregnant Client 369 Common Discomforts of Pregnancy 369 High-Risk Factors and Pregnancy 371 Complications of Pregnancy 372 Elective Abortion 375 Correct Answers and Rationales 376 TEST 12 The Nursing Care of Intrapartum, Postpartum, and Newborn Clients 399 Admission of the Client to a Labor and Delivery Facility 399 Nursing Care of Clients During the First Stage of Labor 400 Nursing Care of Clients During the Second Stage of Labor 402 Nursing Care of Clients During the Third Stage of Labor 403 Nursing Care of Clients During the Fourth Stage of Labor 404 Nursing Care of Clients Having a Cesarean Birth 404 Nursing Care of Clients Having an Emergency Delivery 406 Nursing Care of Clients Having a Stillborn Baby 406 Nursing Care of Clients During the Postpartum Period 406 Nursing Care of the Newborn Client 408 Correct Answers and Rationales 414 UNIT 3 The Nursing Care of Children 443 TEST 13 The Nursing Care of Infants, Toddlers, and Preschool Children 444 Normal Growth and Development of Infants, Toddlers, and Preschool Children 444 Nursing Care of an Infant with Myelomeningocele 446 Nursing Care of an Infant with Hydrocephalus 446 Nursing Care of an Infant with Cleft Lip 447 Nursing Care of an Infant with Pyloric Stenosis 447 Nursing Care of an Infant with Bilateral Clubfoot 448 Nursing Care of a Child with Otitis Media 448 Nursing Care of a Child with a Congenital Heart Defect 449 Nursing Care of a Child with an Infectious Disease 449 Nursing Care of a Child with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 449 Nursing Care of a Child with Atopic Dermatitis 450 Nursing Care of a Toddler with Sickle Cell Crisis 450 Nursing Care of a Toddler with Cystic Fibrosis 450 Nursing Care of a Toddler with Asthma 451 Nursing Care of a Toddler Who Has Swallowed a Toxic Substance 451 Nursing Care of a Toddler with Croup 452 Nursing Care of a Toddler with Pneumonia 452 Nursing Care of a Preschooler with Seizure Disorder 453 Nursing Care of a Preschooler with Leukemia 453 Nursing Care of a Preschooler with Strabismus 454 Nursing Care of a Preschooler Having a Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy 455 Correct Answers and Rationales 456 TEST 14 The Nursing Care of of School-Age Children and Adolescents 481 Nursing Care of a Child with Rheumatic Fever 481 Nursing Care of a Child with Diabetes Mellitus 482 Nursing Care of a Child with Partial-Thickness and Full-Thickness Burns 483 Nursing Care of a Child with Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis 484 Nursing Care of a Child with an Injury 485 Nursing Care of a Child with a Head Injury 485 Nursing Care of a Child with a Brain Tumor 486 Nursing Care of a Child in Traction 487 Nursing Care of a Child with a Kidney Disorder 487 Nursing Care of a Child with a Blood Disorder 487 Nursing Care of a Child with a Communicable Disease 488 Nursing Care of a Child with a Nutritional Deficiency 488 Nursing Care of a Child with a Musculoskeletal Disability 488 Nursing Care of an Adolescent with Appendicitis 489 Nursing Care of an Adolescent with Dysmenorrhea 489 Nursing Care of an Adolescent Who Is Engaging in Risk-Taking Behaviors 490 Nursing Care of an Adolescent with a Sexually Transmitted Infection 490 Nursing Care of an Adolescent with Scoliosis 492 Dosage Calculations for Children and Adolescents 493 Correct Answers and Rationales 494 viii Contents UNIT 4 The Nursing Care of Clients with Mental Health Needs 515 TEST 15 The Nursing Care of Infants, Children, and Adolescents with Mental Health Needs 516 Mental Health Needs During Infancy 516 Mental Health Needs During Childhood 518 Mental Health Needs During Adolescence 523 Correct Answers and Rationales 527 TEST 16 The Nursing Care of Adult Clients with Mental Health Needs 549 Mental Health Needs During Young Adulthood 549 Mental Health Needs During Middle Age (35 to 65) 552 Mental Health Needs During Late Adulthood (Older than 65) 557 Correct Answers and Rationales 561 UNIT 5 Postreview Tests 583 Comprehensive Test 1 584 Correct Answers and Rationales 595 Comprehensive Test 2 621 Correct Answers and Rationales 632