NR 341 Exam 2: Hemodynamics/ ABGs Study Guide Questions and Answers
What does CVP stand for Ans- Central Venous Pressure
What does Preload mean? Ans- The VOLUME of BLOOD going INTO the HEART during Diastole (AKA
the
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NR 341 Exam 2: Hemodynamics/ ABGs Study Guide Questions and Answers
What does CVP stand for Ans- Central Venous Pressure
What does Preload mean? Ans- The VOLUME of BLOOD going INTO the HEART during Diastole (AKA
the Volume of blood in ventricles***)
What is the normal range of Preload? Ans- 2-6 L
What level normally is responsible for measuring Preload? Ans- CVP is normally responsible
What does a CVP level of < 2 indicate is occurring? Ans- Fluid Volume Deficit
What does a CVP level of > 6 indicate? Ans- Fluid Volume Excess
What medication can be utilized to treat High (>6) CVP (or Preload)? Ans- Albumin can be utilized to
treat high preload
What level increases when CVP increases? Ans- The PAOP will also increase
If a patient has a CVP (Preload) < 2, what type of fluids would we utilize to increase fluid volume in
the patient? Ans- Isotonic Fluids
What are some Isotonic fluids that can increase CVP (preload) in a patient? Ans- 0.9% Normal Saline
- Lactated Ringers (LRs)
What is the definition of Cardiac Output (CO)? AnsThe amount of blood pumped out to the body
(L/min)
What is the equation for Cardiac Output (CO)? AnsCO = Stroke Volume (SV) x Heart Rate (HR)
Why is cardiac output (CO) very important? Ans- b/c it is responsible for delivering everything
(Oxygen, nutrients, etc), the organs/ tissues need to survive
What is the definition of Cardiac Index (CI)? Ans- Utilized To determine how precise the CO
sufficiently is within the individual patients body
What is the equation for Cardiac Index (CI)? Ans- Cardiac Output (CO)/ Total Body Surface Area
What is the normal Cardiac Index (CI) levels? Ans- 2.8-4.2 L
Which is more accurate: Cardiac output (CO) or Cardiac Index (CI)? Ans- Cardiac Index is more
accurate b/c it is individualized to the person
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