Storage of DNA info Correct Answer: -in the sequence of bases
-5' to 3'
-chromosomes= 51 million to 245 million base pairs
-information in DNA used for replication of chromosomes, production of proteins and regulatio
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Storage of DNA info Correct Answer: -in the sequence of bases
-5' to 3'
-chromosomes= 51 million to 245 million base pairs
-information in DNA used for replication of chromosomes, production of proteins and regulation
-average gene = 1400 bp
The central dogma Correct Answer: replication DNA → RNA → protein (transcription and translation
replication only occurs when the cell needs to divide, not when it needs to encode a message
Nucleus: replication, transcription
Cytosol: translation
intron= non-coding sequence
stop codon does not create an amino acid, isn't involved in the translation
polyA signal = a long chain of adenine nucleotides added to a mRNA molecule
to make a 5' to 3' end mRNA, the 3' to 5' DNA template strand must be copied
intron sequences removed during splicing so finished transcription product contains only exons. it is then translated, goes through post-translational modification and results in a finished protein
Gene transcription Correct Answer: Step 1: making a message
eukaryote promoters: upstream of gene, contains TATA box approximately 25 nucleotides upstream of transcriptional start that will be recognised by transcription factors and will attach to it and will bring in the RNA polymerase. (enzyme that makes polymer of RNA)
gene transcription: one one strand is copied into a complementary RNA transcript called the template strand.
No T in RNA
this transcript travels to the cytoplasm where its information into amino acid
Step 2: removing introns and protecting ends
Spliceosome
Ribonucleoprotein: protein and RNA, sn= small nuclear
the spliceosome recognises the intron boundary, forms a loops called a lariat and the introns excised and exons joined together.
GT and AG are usually between the exon and intron which is how the spliceosome recognizes it.
Protecting the mRNA ends
5' methyl cap added to 5' end
PolyA tail protects 3' prime end: transcription continues past final end of RNA, polyA signal sequence (AAuAA), identifies cleavage site
PolyA polymerase a
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