Saunders Medsurg Skin Integumentary

Saunders Medsurg Skin Integumentary Saunders Medsurg Skin Integumentary 1. A client calls the emergency department and tells the nurse that he came directly into contact with poison ivy shrubs. The client tells the ...

Saunders Medsurg Skin Integumentary Saunders Medsurg Skin Integumentary 1. A client calls the emergency department and tells the nurse that he came directly into contact with poison ivy shrubs. The client tells the nurse that he cannot see anything on the skin and asks the nurse what to do. The nurse should make which response? 1. "Come to the emergency department." 2. "Apply calamine loton immediately to the exposed skin areas." 3. "Take a shower immediately, lathering and rinsing several tmes." 4. "It is not necessary to do anything if you cannot see anything on your skin." Answer: 3. "Take a shower immediately, lathering and rinsing several tmes." Ratonale: When an individual comes in contact with a poison ivy plant, the sap from the plant forms an invisible flm on the human skin. The client should be instructed to cleanse the area by showering immediately and to lather the skin several tmes and rinse each tme in running water. Removing the poison ivy sap will decrease the likelihood of irritaton. Calamine loton may be one product recommended for use if dermatts develops. The client does not need to be seen in the emergency department at this tme. 2. A client is being admited to the hospital for treatment of acute cellulits of the lower lef leg. During the admission assessment, the nurse expects to note which fnding? 1. An inflammaton of the epidermis only 2. A skin infecton of the dermis and underlying hypodermis 3. An acute superfcial infecton of the dermis and lymphatcs 4. An epidermal and lymphatc infecton caused by Staphylococcus Answer: 2. A skin infecton of the dermis and underlying hypodermis Ratonale: Cellulits is an infecton of the dermis and underlying hypodermis that results in a deep red erythema without sharp borders and spreads widely throughout tssue spaces. The skin is erythematous, edematous, tender, and sometmes nodular. Erysipelas is an acute, superfcial, rapidly spreading inflammaton of the dermis and lymphatcs. The infecton is not superfcial and extends deeper than the epidermis.3. The clinic nurse assesses the skin of a client with psoriasis afer the client has used a new topical treatment for 2 months. The nurse identfes which characteristcs as improvement in the manifestatons of psoriasis? Select all that apply. 1. Presence of striae 2. Palpable radial pulses 3. Absence of any ecchymosis on the extremites 4. Thinner and decrease in number of reddish papules 5. Scarce amount of silvery-white scaly patches on the arms Answers: 4. Thinner and decrease in number of reddish papules 5. Scarce amount of silvery-white scaly patches on the arms Ratonale: Psoriasis skin lesions include thick reddened papules or plaques covered by silvery-white patches. A decrease in the severity of these skin lesions is noted as an improvement. The presence of striae (stretch marks), palpable pulses, or lack of ecchymosis is not related to psoriasis. 4. The clinic nurse notes that the health care provider has documented a diagnosis of herpes zoster (shingles) in the client's chart. Based on an understanding of the cause of this disorder, the nurse determines that this defnitve diagnosis was made by which diagnostc test? 1. Positve patch test 2. Positve culture results 3. Abnormal biopsy results 4. Wood's light examinaton indicatve of infecton Answer: 2. Positve culture results Ratonale: With the classic presentaton of herpes zoster, the clinical examinaton is diagnostc. However, a viral culture of the lesion provides the defnitve diagnosis. Herpes zoster (shingles) is caused by a reactvaton of the varicella-zoster virus, the virus that causes chickenpox. A patch test is a skin test that involves the administraton of an allergen to the surface of the skin to identfy specifc allergies. A biopsy would provide a cytological examinaton of tssue. In a Wood's light examinaton, the skin is viewed under ultraviolet light to identfy superfcial infectons of the skin. 5. A client returns to the clinic for follow-up treatment following a skin biopsy of a suspicious lesion performed 1 week ago. The biopsy report indicates that the lesion is a melanoma. The nurse understands that melanoma has which characteristcs? Select all that apply. 1. Lesion is painful to touch. 2. Lesion is highly metastatc. 3. Lesion is a nevus that has changes in color. 4. Skin under the lesion is reddened and warm to touch.5. Lesion occurs in body area exposed to outdoor sunlight. Answers: 2. Lesion is highly metastatc. 3. Lesion is a nevus that has changes in color. Ratonale: Melanomas are pigmented malignant lesions originatng in the melanin-producing cells of the epidermis. Melanomas cause changes in a nevus (mole), including color and borders. This skin cancer is highly metastatc, and a person's survival depends on early diagnosis and treatment. Melanomas are not painful or accompanied by sign of inflammaton. Although sun exposure increases the risk of melanoma, lesions are most commonly found on the upper back and legs and on the soles and palms of persons with dark skin. 7. A client arriving at the emergency department has experienced frostbite to the right hand. Which fnding would the nurse note on assessment of the client's hand? 1. A pink, edematous hand 2. Fiery red skin with edema in the nail beds 3. Black fngertps surrounded by an erythematous rash 4. A white color to the skin, which is insensitve to touch Answer: 4. A white color to the skin, which is insensitve to touch Ratonale: Assessment fndings in frostbite include a white or blue color; the skin will be hard, cold, and insensitve to touch. As thawing occurs, flushing of the skin, the development of blisters or blebs, or tssue edema appears. Optons 1, 2, and 3 are incorrect. 8. The evening nurse reviews the nursing documentaton in a client's chart and notes that the day nurse has documented that the client has a stage II pressure ulcer in the sacral area. Which fnding would the nurse expect to note on assessment of the client's sacral area? 1. Intact skin 2. Full-thickness skin loss 3. Exposed bone, tendon, or muscle 4. Partal-thickness skin loss of the dermis Answer: 4. Partal-thickness skin loss of the dermis Ratonale: In a stage II pressure ulcer, the skin is not intact. Partal-thickness skin loss of the dermis has occurred. It presents as a shallow open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed, without slough. It may also present as anintact or open/ruptured serum-flled blister. The skin is intact in stage I. Full-thickness skin loss occurs in stage III. Exposed bone, tendon, or muscle is present in stage IV. 9. An adult client was burned in an explosion. The burn initally affected the client's entre face (anterior half of the head) and the upper half of the anterior torso, and there were circumferental burns to the lower half of both arms. The client's clothes caught on fre, and the client ran, causing subsequent burn injuries to the posterior surface of the head and the upper half of the posterior torso. Using the rule of nines, what would be the extent of the burn injury? 1. 18% 2. 24% 3. 36% 4. 48% Answer: 3. 36% Ratonale: According to the rule of nines, with the inital burn, the anterior half of the head equals 4.5%, the upper half of the anterior torso equals 9%, and the lower half of both arms equals 9%. The subsequent burn included the posterior half of the head, equaling 4.5%, and the upper half of posterior torso, equaling 9%. This totals 36%. 10. The nurse is preparing to care for a burn client scheduled for an escharotomy procedure being performed for a third-degree circumferental arm burn. The nurse understands that which fnding is the antcipated therapeutc outcome of the escharotomy? 1. Return of distal pulses 2. Brisk bleeding from the site 3. Decreasing edema formaton 4. Formaton of granulaton tssue Answer: 1. Return of distal pulses Ratonale: Escharotomies are performed to relieve the compartment syndrome that can occur when edema forms under nondistensible eschar in a circumferental third-degree burn. The escharotomy releases the tourniquet-like compression around the arm. Escharotomies are performed through avascular eschar to subcutaneous fat. Although bleeding may occur from the site, it is considered a complicaton rather than an antcipated therapeutc outcome. Usually, direct pressure with a bulky dressing and elevaton control the bleeding, but occasionally an artery is damaged and may require ligaton. Escharotomy does not affect the formaton of edema. Formaton of granulaton tssue is not the intent of an escharotomy.11. The nurse is caring for a client who sustained superfcial partal-thickness burns on the anterior lower legs and anterior thorax. Which fnding does the nurse expect to note during the resuscitaton/emergent phase of the burn injury? 1. Decreased heart rate 2. Increased urinary output 3. Increased blood pressure 4. Elevated hematocrit levels Answer: 4. Elevated hematocrit levels Ratonale: The resuscitaton/emergent phase begins at the tme of injury and ends with the restoraton of capillary permeability, usually at 48 to 72 hours following the injury. During the resuscitaton/emergent phase, the hematocrit level increases to above normal because of hemoconcentraton from the large fluid shifs. Hematocrit levels of 50% to 55% (0.50 to 0.55) are expected during the frst 24 hours afer injury, with return to normal by 36 hours afer injury. Initally, blood is shunted away from the kidneys and renal perfusion and glomerular fltraton are decreased, resultng in low urine output. The burn client is prone to hypovolemia and the body atempts to compensate by increased pulse rate and lowered blood pressure. Pulse rates are typically higher than normal, and the blood pressure is decreased as a result of the large fluid shifs. 12. The nurse is administering fluids intravenously as prescribed to a client who sustained superfcial partal-thickness burn injuries of the back and legs. In evaluatng the adequacy of fluid resuscitaton, the nurse understands that which assessment would provide the most reliable indicator for determining the adequacy? 1. Vital signs 2. Urine output 3. Mental status 4. Peripheral pulses Answer: 2. Urine output Ratonale: Successful or adequate fluid resuscitaton in the client is signaled by stable vital signs, adequate urine output, palpable peripheral pulses, and clear sensorium. However, the most reliable indicator for determining adequacy of fluid resuscitaton, especially in a client with burns, is the urine output. For an adult, the hourly urine volume should be 30 to 50 mL. 13. The nurse is caring for a client following an autograf and grafing to a burn wound on the right knee. What would the nurse antcipate to be prescribed for the client? 1. Out-of-bed actvites 2. Bathroom privileges 3. Immobilizaton of the affected leg4. Placing the affected leg in a dependent positon Answer: 3. Immobilizaton of the affected leg Ratonale: Autografs placed over joints or on the lower extremites afer surgery ofen are elevated and immobilized for 3 to 7 days. This period of immobilizaton allows the autograf tme to adhere to the wound bed. Getng out of bed, going to the bathroom, and placing the grafed leg dependent would put stress on the grafed wound. 14. The health educaton nurse provides instructons to a group of clients regarding measures that will assist in preventng skin cancer. Which instructons should the nurse provide? Select all that apply. 1. Sunscreen should be applied every 8 hours. 2. Use sunscreen when partcipatng in outdoor actvites. 3. Wear a hat, opaque clothing, and sunglasses when in the sun. 4. Avoid sun exposure in the late afernoon and early evening hours. 5. Examine your body monthly for any lesions that may be suspicious. Answers: 2. Use sunscreen when partcipatng in outdoor actvites. 3. Wear a hat, opaque clothing, and sunglasses when in the sun. 5. Examine your body monthly for any lesions that may be suspicious. Ratonale: The client should be instructed to avoid sun exposure between the hours of brightest sunlight: 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. Sunscreen, a hat, opaque clothing, and sunglasses should be worn for outdoor actvites. The client should be instructed to examine the body monthly for the appearance of any cancerous or any precancerous lesions. Sunscreen should be reapplied every 2 to 3 hours and afer swimming or sweatng; otherwise, the duraton of protecton is reduced. 27. The community health nurse is visitng a homeless shelter and is assessing the clients in the shelter for the presence of scabies. Which assessment fnding should the nurse expect to note if scabies is present? 1. Brown-red macules with scales 2. Pustules on the trunk of the body 3. White patches noted on the elbows and knees 4. Multple straight or wavy threadlike lines underneath the skin Answer: 4. Multple straight or wavy threadlike lines underneath the skin Ratonale:Scabies can be identfed by the multple straight or wavy threadlike lines beneath the skin. The skin lesions are caused by the female, which burrows beneath the skin to lay its eggs. The eggs hatch in a few days, and the baby mites fnd their way to the skin surface, where they mate and complete the life cycle. Optons 1, 2, and 3 are not characteristcs of scabies. 29. The nurse is concerned about potental skin integrity problems for an unconscious client. Which interventons would be most appropriate to include in the plan of care for this client? Select all that apply. 1. Repositon every 2 hours. 2. Use a bed cradle as indicated. 3. Apply protectve pads to heels and elbows. 4. Add a small amount of alcohol to the daily bath water. 5. Provide perineal care every 8 hours and afer incontnence. Answers: 1. Repositon every 2 hours. 2. Use a bed cradle as indicated. 3. Apply protectve pads to heels and elbows. 5. Provide perineal care every 8 hours and afer incontnence. Ratonale: Unconscious clients are completely immobile, having lost the protectve reflexes to shif body weight. It is up to the nurse to minimize the risk of prolonged pressure that could cause skin ischemia and breakdown. This is accomplished by repositoning the client every 2 hours. Use of a bed cradle can protect the client's toes from breakdown due to weight from linens. Protectve pads can be applied to the heels and elbows to reduce fricton and shear. Appropriate perineal care is essental to keep waste products from excoriatng the skin. The nurse can reduce skin dryness and irritaton by adding a superfaty soluton (such as baby oil or castle soap) to the daily bath water. Drying agents such as alcohol are avoided because dry skin can crack and break down. 30. The emergency department nurse is caring for a client who has sustained chemical burns to the esophagus afer ingeston of lye. The nurse reviews the health care provider's prescriptons and should plan to queston which prescripton? 1. Gastric lavage 2. Intravenous (IV) fluid therapy 3. Nothing by mouth (NPO) status 4. Preparaton for laboratory studies Answer: