Jazz
Essential Listening
by
John Murphy
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS
B W • W • NORTON & COMPANY • NEW YORK • LONDON
for
Copyright © 2011 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
All rights reserved
ISBN: 978- 0- 393- 11963-
...
Jazz
Essential Listening
by
John Murphy
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS
B W • W • NORTON & COMPANY • NEW YORK • LONDON
for
Copyright © 2011 by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
All rights reserved
ISBN: 978- 0- 393- 11963- 3
W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10110
wwnorton .com
W. W. Norton & Company Ltd., Castle House, 75/76 Wells Street, London, W1T 3QT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
W. W. Norton & Company has been independent since its founding in 1923, when William Warder Norton and Mary D. Herter Norton fi rst published lectures delivered at the People’s Institute, the adult education division of New York City’s Cooper Union. The fi rm soon expanded its program beyond the Institute, publishing books by celebrated academics from America and abroad. By mid-century, the two major pillars of Norton’s
publishing program—trade books and college texts—were fi rmly established. In the 1950s, the Norton family transferred control of the company to
its employees, and today—with a staff of four hundred and a comparable number of trade, college, and professional titles published each year—
W. W. Norton & Company stands as the largest and oldest publishing house owned wholly by its employees.
iii
Contents
Chapter 1 | Musical Elements and Instruments 1
Chapter 2 | Jazz Form and Improvisation 9
Chapter 3 | The Roots of Jazz 17
Chapter 4 | New Orleans 26
Chapter 5 | New York in the 1920s 35
Chapter 6 | Louis Armstrong and the First Great Soloists 45
Chapter 7 | Swing Bands 56
Chapter 8 | Count Basie and Duke Ellington 65
Chapter 9 | A World of Soloists 75
Chapter 10 | Rhythm in Transition 84
Chapter 11 | Bebop 92
Chapter 12 | The 1950s: Cool Jazz and Hard Bop 105
Chapter 13 | Jazz Composition in the 1950s 118
Chapter 14 | Modality: Miles Davis and John Coltrane 130
Chapter 15 | The Avant- Garde 140
Chapter 16 | Fusion I: R&B, Singers, and Latin Jazz 154
Chapter 17 | Fusion II: Jazz, Rock, and Beyond 165
Chapter 18 | Historicism: Jazz on Jazz 178
Chapter 19 | Jazz Today 187
Chapter 1: Musical Elements and Instruments 1
Chapter 1: Musical Elements and Instruments
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Timbre refers to:
a. loudness of sound c. frequency of sound
b. quality of sound d. pitch of sound
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: p. 8
TOP: Musical Orientation
2. A device inserted into the bell of a brass instrument to distort the sounds coming out is called
a:
a. valve c. mouthpiece
b. mute d. key
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: p. 8
TOP: Musical Orientation
3. The use of unusual sounds for expressive purposes is known as:
a. timbre variation c. downbeat
b. polyrhythm d. scale
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: p. 8
TOP: Musical Orientation
4. Which is NOT an option for changing the pitch of a wind instrument?
a. changing the length of the tube c. blowing with increased intensity
b. playing notes of longer duration d. changing the embouchure
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: p. 9
TOP: Musical Orientation
5. Which mute enables the trumpet to emulate human speech most effectively?
a. cup mute c. plunger mute
b. Harmon mute d. straight mute
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: p. 9
TOP: Musical Orientation
6. The glissando, or smear, is most characteristic of which brass instrument?
a. trumpet c. tuba
b. cornet d. trombone
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: p. 9
TOP: Musical Orientation
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