All-Cause Mortality Correct Answer: - Death by any cause (ex. heart disease)
Research:
- Null Hypothesis:
> PA does NOT affect the risk of all-cause mortality
- Alternative Hypothesis:
> PA reduces the risk of al
...
All-Cause Mortality Correct Answer: - Death by any cause (ex. heart disease)
Research:
- Null Hypothesis:
> PA does NOT affect the risk of all-cause mortality
- Alternative Hypothesis:
> PA reduces the risk of all-cause mortality
Nurses' Health Study (Case Study) Correct Answer: - Prospective Study
- Began in 1976 with 121700 female nurses
-Still going strong (they have a website to sign up)
- Primary motivation was to investigate birth control effects
- Chose nurses' because they were educated enough to know the symptoms and medical terms
- Food frequency questionnaire:
> Nurses weighed and measured their diets
> Because they were educated, they were able to provide very accurate information
Case Study:
Physical Activity and Mortality- A prospective study among women Correct Answer: What did they do?
- Analyzed data from Nurses' Health Study
- Started with the 1980 dataset (the first year PA was assessed
- Identified participant deaths by searching National Death Index, asking participants' families
- Started with 120,000 people
How was PA assessed?
- Self-report questionnaires and different questions each time
- 1980:
>What was the average number of hours spent each week on different activities (gardening, vigorous sports, etc)
-1982:
>For how many hours per week, on average, do you engage in activities strenuous enough to build up a sweat?
-1986 and beyond:
>Hours per week on specific activities (walking, hiking, etc)
- Used results to estimate average PA hours per week
- The more you exercise, the bigger the dose response
What did they find?
-Women who engaged in PA were at a lower risk of all-cause mortality
-As levels of physical activity increased, the risk of all-cause mortality decreased.
-Risk of all-cause mortality decreased by approximately 20-30% as activity level increased.
-The biggest decrease in risk occurred betwee
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