Therapeutic Exercise, Foundations and Techniques, 8th Edition by Kisner | TEST BANK

Test Bank for Therapeutic Exercise, Foundations and Techniques, 8th Edition, 8e by Carolyn Kisner, Lynn Allen Colby, John Borstad TEST BANK ISBN-13: 9781719640473 Full chapters included Part I: General Concepts C ...

Test Bank for Therapeutic Exercise, Foundations and Techniques, 8th Edition, 8e by Carolyn Kisner, Lynn Allen Colby, John Borstad TEST BANK ISBN-13: 9781719640473 Full chapters included Part I: General Concepts Chapter 1: Therapeutic Exercise: Foundational Concepts Therapeutic Exercise: Influence on Physical Function The Human Movement System Components of Physical Function Related to Human Movement: Definition of Key Terms Definition of Therapeutic Exercise Types of Therapeutic Exercise Interventions Exercise Safety Classification of Health Status, Functioning, and Disability—Evolution of Models and Related Terminology Background and Rationale for Classification Systems Models of Functioning and Disability—Past and Present Components of the ICF and Applications in Physical Therapy Principles of Comprehensive Patient Management Coordination, Communication, and Documentation Clinical Decision-Making Evidence-Based Practice A Patient Management Model Strategies for Effective Exercise Intervention and Patient Instruction Exercise Prescription and Progression Patient Instruction Preparation for Exercise Instruction Adherence to Exercise Concepts of Motor Learning: A Foundation for Exercise and Task-Specific Instruction Chapter 2: Prevention, Health Promotion, and Wellness Key Terms and Concepts Chronic Disease, Prevention, and Health Care Chronic Conditions Related to Behaviors Health-Care Costs Due to Risky Behaviors Investment in Prevention Wellness Healthy People 2030 Role of Physical Therapists in Health Promotion and Wellness Facilitating Transformation Identifying Risk Factors Determining Readiness to Change Physical Activity Guidelines Physical Activity Recommendations Considerations for People With Disabilities Health Disparities and Risks Achieving Health Equity for Those With Disabilities Mindfulness: Implications for Health and Wellness Mindfulness Defined Mindfulness Meditation Mindful Breathing Developing and Implementing a Wellness Program Case Example: Exercise and Osteoporosis Additional Considerations for Developing Prevention, Health, and Wellness Programs Part II: Applied Science of Exercise and Techniques Chapter 3: Range of Motion Types of ROM Exercises Indications, Goals, and Limitations of ROM Passive ROM Active and Active-Assistive ROM Precautions and Contraindications to ROM Exercises Principles and Procedures for Applying ROM Techniques Examination, Evaluation, and Treatment Planning Patient Preparation Application of Techniques Application of PROM Application of AROM ROM Techniques Upper Extremity Lower Extremity Cervical Spine Lumbar Spine Self-Assisted ROM Manual Assistance Wand (T-Bar) Exercises Wall Climbing Overhead Pulleys Skateboard/Powder Board Reciprocal Exercise Unit Continuous Passive Motion Benefits of CPM General Guidelines for CPM ROM Through Functional Patterns and Activities Chapter 4: Stretching for Improved Mobility Definition of Terms Associated With Mobility and Stretching Flexibility Hypomobility Contracture Selective Stretching Overstretching and Hypermobility Overview of Interventions to Increase Mobility of Soft Tissues Indications, Contraindications, and Potential Outcomes of Stretching Exercises Indications and Contraindications for Stretching Potential Benefits and Outcomes of Stretching Properties of Soft Tissue: Response to Immobilization and Stretch Mechanical Properties of Noncontractile Soft Tissue Mechanical and Physiological Properties of Muscle Tissue Neurophysiological Properties of Skeletal Muscle Determinants and Types of Stretching Exercises Alignment and Stabilization Intensity of Stretch Duration of Stretch Speed of Stretch Frequency of Stretch Mode of Stretch Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching Techniques Integration of Function Into Stretching Procedural Guidelines for Application of Stretching Interventions Examination and Evaluation of the Patient Preparation for Stretching Application of Manual Stretching Procedures After Stretching Precautions for Stretching General Precautions Special Precautions for Mass-Market Flexibility Programs Adjuncts to Stretching Interventions Complementary Approaches Heat Cold Massage Biofeedback Joint Traction or Oscillation Manual Stretching Techniques in Anatomical Planes of Motion Upper Extremity Stretching Lower Extremity Stretching Neck and Trunk Self-Stretching Techniques Chapter 5: Peripheral Joint Mobilization/Manipulation Principles of Joint Mobilization/Manipulation Definitions Mobilization/Manipulation Thrust Manipulation/HVT Self-Mobilization (Auto-Mobilization) Mobilization With Movement Manipulation Under Anesthesia Muscle Energy Terms Related to Mobilization/Manipulation Basic Concepts of Joint Motion: Arthrokinematics Joint Shapes Types of Motion Passive-Angular Stretching Versus Joint-Glide Stretching Other Accessory Motions That Affect the Joint Effects of Joint Motion Indications and Limitations for Use of Joint Mobilization/Manipulation Pain, Muscle Guarding, and Spasm Reversible Joint Hypomobility Positional Faults/Subluxations Progressive Limitation Functional Immobility Limitations of Joint Mobilization/Manipulation Techniques Contraindications and Precautions Hypermobility Joint Effusion Inflammation Conditions Requiring Special Precautions for Stretching Procedures for Applying Passive Joint Techniques Examination and Evaluation Documentation Grades or Dosages of Movement for Non-Thrust and Thrust Techniques Positioning and Stabilization Direction and Target of Treatment Force Initiation and Progression of Treatment Patient Response Total Program Mobilization With Movement: Principles of Application Application of MWM in Clinical Practice Patient Response and Progression Theoretical Framework Peripheral Joint Mobilization Techniques Shoulder Girdle Complex Glenohumeral Joint Acromioclavicular Joint Sternoclavicular Joint Elbow and Forearm Complex Humeroulnar Articulation Proximal Radioulnar Joint Distal Radioulnar Joint Wrist and Hand Complex Radiocarpal Joint Carpometacarpal and Intermetacarpal Joints of Digits II to V Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints of the Fingers Hip Joint Knee Joint Complex Tibiofemoral Articulations Patellofemoral Joint Leg and Ankle Joints Tibiofibular Joints Talocrural Joint (Upper Ankle Joint) Subtalar Joint (Talocalcaneal), Posterior Compartment Intertarsal and Tarsometatarsal Joints Intermetatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, and Interphalangeal Joints Chapter 6: Resistance Exercise for Impaired Muscle Performance Muscle Performance and Resistance Exercise: Definitions and Guiding Principles Strength, Power, and Endurance Overload Principle Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands (SAID) Principle Reversibility Principle Skeletal Muscle Function and Adaptation to Resistance Exercise Factors That Influence Tension Generation in Normal Skeletal Muscle Physiological Adaptations to Resistance Exercise Determinants of Resistance Exercise Alignment and Stabilization Exercise Intensity Exercise Volume Exercise Order Exercise Frequency Exercise Duration Rest Interval (Recovery Period) Mode of Exercise Velocity of Exercise Periodization and Variation of Training Integration of Function Types of Resistance Exercise Manual and Mechanical Resistance Exercise Isometric Exercise (Static Exercise) Dynamic Exercise: Concentric and Eccentric Dynamic Exercise: Constant and Variable Resistance Isokinetic Exercise Open Kinetic Chain and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise General Principles of Resistance Training Examination and Evaluation Preparation for Resistance Exercises Implementation of Resistance Exercises Precautions for Resistance Exercise Valsalva Maneuver Substitute Motions Overtraining and Overwork Exercise-Induced Muscle Soreness Pathological Fracture Contraindications to Resistance Exercise Pain Inflammation Severe Cardiopulmonary Disease Manual Resistance Exercise Definition and Use Guidelines and Special Considerations Techniques: General Background Upper Extremity Lower Extremity Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation: Principles and Techniques Diagonal Patterns Basic Procedures With PNF Patterns Upper Extremity Diagonal Patterns Lower Extremity Diagonal Patterns Specific Techniques With PNF Mechanical Resistance Exercise Application in Rehabilitation Programs Application in Fitness and Conditioning Programs Special Considerations for Children and Adolescents Specific Resistance Training Regimens Progressive Resistance Exercise Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) Circuit Weight Training Isokinetic Regimens Equipment for Resistance Training Free Weights and Simple Weight-Pulley Systems Variable Resistance Units Elastic Resistance Devices Equipment for Dynamic Stabilization Training Equipment for Closed-Chain Training Reciprocal Exercise Equipment Isokinetic Testing and Training Equipment Chapter 7: Principles of Aerobic Exercise Key Terms and Concepts Physical Activity Exercise Physical Fitness Maximum Oxygen Consumption Endurance Aerobic Exercise Training (Cardiorespiratory Endurance) Adaptation Myocardial Oxygen Consumption Deconditioning Energy Systems, Energy Expenditure, and Efficiency Energy Systems Energy Expenditure Efficiency Physiological Response to Aerobic Exercise Cardiovascular Response to Exercise Respiratory Response to Exercise Responses Providing Additional Oxygen to Muscle Oxygen Consumption Testing as a Basis for Exercise Programs Fitness Testing of Healthy Subjects Principles of Stress Testing Multistage Testing Determinants of an Exercise Program Frequency Intensity Time (Duration) Type (Mode) Volume Progression Exercise Program Warm-Up Period Aerobic Exercise Period Cool-Down Period Physiological Changes That Occur With Training Cardiovascular Changes Respiratory Changes Metabolic Changes Other System Changes Application of Principles of an Aerobic Training Program for the Patient With Heart Disease Cardiac Event Phase: Inpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation: Early Outpatient Phase Late Outpatient Phase: Maintenance Program Special Considerations Adaptive Changes Applications of Aerobic Training for the Deconditioned Individual and the Patient With Chronic Illness Deconditioning Reversal of Deconditioning Adaptations for Those With Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions Impairments, Goals, and Plan of Care Guidelines Age Differences Children Young Adults Older Adults Chapter 8: Exercise for Impaired Balance Background and Concepts Balance: Key Terms and Definitions Balance Sensory Systems and Balance Motor Strategies for Balance Balance Under Varying Conditions Impaired Balance Sensory Input Impairments Sensorimotor Integration Impairments Biomechanical and Motor Output Impairments Deficits With Aging Deficits From Medications Management of Impaired Balance Examination and Evaluation of Impaired Balance Balance Training Health and Environmental Factors Evidence-Based Balance Exercise Programs for Fall Prevention in the Elderly Evidence-Based Balance Exercise Programs for Specific Musculoskeletal Conditions Chapter 9: Aquatic Exercise Background and Principles for Aquatic Exercise Definition of Aquatic Exercise Properties of Water and Immersion Buoyancy Hydrostatic Pressure Viscosity Surface Tension Hydromechanics Thermodynamics Density Center of Buoyancy Goals and Indications for Aquatic Exercise Precautions and Contraindications to Aquatic Exercise Precautions Contraindications Aquatic Temperature and Therapeutic Exercise Temperature Regulation During Immersion Water Temperature and Exercise Pools for Aquatic Exercise Traditional Therapeutic Pools Individual Patient Pools Equipment for Aquatic Exercise Collars, Rings, Belts, and Vests Swim Bars Gloves, Hand Paddles, and Hydro-Tone® Bells Fins and Hydro-Tone® Boots Kickboards Weights Aquatic Shoes and Goggles Underwater Treadmill Other Equipment Pool Care and Safety Exercise Interventions Using an Aquatic Environment Stretching Exercises Manual Stretching Techniques Spine Stretching Techniques Shoulder Stretching Techniques Hip Stretching Techniques Knee Stretching Techniques Self-Stretching With Aquatic Equipment Strengthening Exercises Manual Resistance Exercises Upper Extremity Manual Resistance Techniques Lower Extremity Manual Resistance Techniques Dynamic Trunk Stabilization Independent Strengthening Exercises Aerobic Conditioning Treatment Interventions Physiological Response to Deep-Water Walking/Running Proper Form for Deep-Water Running Exercise Monitoring Equipment Selection Aquatic Techniques Bad Ragaz Ring Method Halliwick Method WATSU AquaStretch™ Ai Chi Task-Oriented Training Part III: Principles of Intervention Chapter 10: Soft Tissue Injury, Repair, and Management Musculoskeletal Disorders and Tissue Response to Injury Examples of Soft Tissue Lesions Clinical Conditions Resulting From Trauma or Pathology Severity of Tissue Injury Irritability of Tissue: Stages of Inflammation and Repair Management During the Acute Stage—Phase I Tissue Response: Inflammation Management Guidelines: Phase I—Maximum Protection Management During the Subacute Stage—Phase II Tissue Response: Proliferation, Repair, and Healing Management Guidelines: Phase II—Moderate Protection/Controlled Motion Management During the Chronic Stage—Phase III Tissue Response: Maturation and Remodeling Management Guidelines: Phase III—Minimum to No Protection/Return to Function Cumulative Trauma: Chronic Recurring Pain Tissue Response From Repetitive Stress: Chronic Inflammation Causes of Chronic Inflammation Contributing Factors Management Guidelines: Chronic Inflammation Chronic Pain Disorder (Chronic Pain Syndrome) Management Chapter 11: Joint, Connective Tissue, and Bone Disorders and Their Management Arthritis: Arthrosis Clinical Signs and Symptoms Rheumatoid Arthritis Osteoarthritis: Degenerative Joint Disease Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain Syndrome Fibromyalgia Myofascial Pain Syndrome Osteoporosis Risk Factors Prevention of Osteoporosis Recommendations for Exercise Precautions and Contraindications Fractures and Posttraumatic Immobilization Risk Factors Bone Healing Following a Fracture Principles of Management: Period of Immobilization Postimmobilization Chapter 12: Surgical Interventions and Postoperative Management Indications for Surgical Intervention Guidelines for Preoperative and Postoperative Management Considerations for Preoperative Management Considerations for Postoperative Management Potential Postoperative Complications and Risk Reduction Focus on Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Overview of Common Orthopedic Surgeries and Postoperative Management Surgical Approaches Tissue Grafts Repair, Reattachment, Reconstruction, Stabilization, or Transfer of Soft Tissues Release, Lengthening, or Decompression of Soft Tissues Joint Procedures Extra-Articular Bony Procedures Chapter 13: Peripheral Nerve Disorders and Management Review of the Peripheral Nervous System Nerve Structure Mobility Characteristics of the Nervous System Common Sites of Injury to Peripheral Nerves Impaired Nerve Function Nerve Injury and Recovery Mechanisms of Nerve Injury Classification of Nerve Injuries Recovery From Nerve Injuries Management Guidelines: Recovery From Nerve Injury Neurodynamic Disorders Symptoms and Signs of Impaired Nerve Mobility Causes of Symptoms Principles of Management Precautions and Contraindications to Neurodynamic Testing and Treatment Neurodynamic Testing and Mobilization Techniques for the Upper Quadrant Neurodynamic Testing and Mobilization Techniques for the Lower Quadrant Musculoskeletal Diagnoses Involving Impaired Nerve Function Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Related Diagnoses Etiology of Symptoms Sites of Compression or Entrapment Common Impairments of Structure and Function in TOS Common Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions Nonoperative Management of TOS Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Etiology of Symptoms Examination Common Impairments of Structure in CTS Common Impairments of Function, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions Nonoperative Management of CTS Surgical and Postoperative Management for CTS Ulnar Nerve Compression in the Tunnel of Guyon Etiology of Symptoms Examination Common Impairments of Structure Common Impairments of Function, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions Nonoperative Management Surgical Release and Postoperative Management Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Signs and Symptoms of CRPS Etiology of Symptoms Clinical Course Common Impairments of Structure in CRPS Common Impairments of Function, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions Management Part IV: Exercise Interventions by Body Region Chapter 14: The Spine: Structure, Function, and Posture Structure and Function of the Spine Joints of the Spine Functional Components of the Spine Motions of the Spinal Column Arthrokinematics of the Zygapophyseal (Facet) Joints Structure and Function of Intervertebral Discs and Cartilaginous End-Plates Intervertebral Foramina Biomechanical Influences on Postural Alignment Curves of the Spine Gravity Stability Postural Stability in the Spine Inert Structures: Influence on Stability Muscles: Influence on Stability Neurological Control: Influence on Stability Effects of Limb Function on Spinal Stability Effects of Breathing on Posture and Stability Effects of Intra-Abdominal Pressure and the Valsalva Maneuver on Stability Impaired Posture Etiology of Pain From Faulty Posture Effect of Mechanical Stress Effect of Impaired Postural Support From Trunk Muscles Effect of Impaired Muscle Endurance Pain Syndromes Related to Impaired Posture Common Faulty Postures: Characteristics and Impairments Pelvic and Lumbar Region Cervical and Thoracic Region Frontal Plane Deviations: Scoliosis and Lower Extremity Asymmetries Management of Impaired Posture General Management Guidelines Awareness and Control of Spinal Posture Posture, Movement, and Functional Relationships Joint, Muscle, and Connective Tissue Mobility Impairments Impaired Muscle Performance Body Mechanics Ergonomics: Relief and Prevention Stress Management/Relaxation Healthy Exercise Habits Chapter 15: The Spine: Management Guidelines Spinal Pathologies and Impaired Spinal Function Pathology of the Intervertebral Disc Injury and Degeneration of the Disc Disc Pathologies and Related Conditions Signs and Symptoms of Disc Lesions and Fluid Stasis Pathomechanical Relationships of the Intervertebral Disc and Facet Joints Disc Degeneration Related Pathologies Pathology of the Zygapophyseal (Facet) Joints Common Diagnoses and Impairments From Facet Joint Pathologies Pathology of the Vertebrae Compression Fracture Secondary to Osteoporosis Scheuermann’s Disease Pathology of Muscle and Soft Tissue Injuries: Strains, Tears, and Contusions General Symptoms From Trauma Common Sites of Lumbar Strain Common Sites of Cervical and Upper Thoracic Strain Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions Pathomechanics of Spinal Instability Neutral Zone Instability Management Guidelines Based on Stages of Recovery and Diagnostic Categories Principles of Management for the Spine Examination and Evaluation General Guidelines for Managing Acute Spinal Impairments: Maximum Protection Phase General Guidelines for Managing Subacute Spinal Impairments: Controlled Motion Phase General Guidelines for Managing Chronic Spinal Impairments: Return to Function Management Guidelines: Nonweight-Bearing Bias Management of Acute Symptoms Progression Management Guidelines: Extension Bias Principles of Management Indications, Precautions, and Contraindications for Interventions: Extension Approach Interventions Using an Extension Approach in the Lumbar Spine Interventions to Manage a Disc Lesion in the Cervical Spine Disc Lesions: Surgery and Postoperative Management Indications for Surgery Common Surgeries Procedures Postoperative Management Management Guidelines: Flexion Bias Principles of Management Indications and Contraindications for Intervention: Flexion Approach Techniques Utilizing a Flexion Approach Management Guidelines: Stabilization Identification of Clinical Instability Principles of Management Management Guidelines: Mobilization/Manipulation Management: Lumbar Spine Management: Cervical Spine Management Guidelines: Soft Tissue Injuries Management During the Acute Stage: Protection Phase Management in the Subacute and Chronic Stages of Healing: Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases Management of Regional Diagnoses Lower Thoracic and Lumbopelvic Region Compression Fracture Secondary to Osteoporosis Spondylolisthesis Ankylosing Spondylitis Scheuermann’s Disease Rib Subluxation Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction Cervical and Upper Thoracic Region Tension Headache/Cervical Headache Neck Pain Cervical Radiculopathy Cervical Myelopathy Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Structure and Function Signs and Symptoms Etiology of Symptoms Principles of Management and Interventions Chapter 16: The Spine: Exercise and Manipulation Interventions Basic Concepts of Spinal Management With Exercise Fundamental Interventions Patient Education General Exercise Guidelines Kinesthetic Awareness Mobility/Flexibility Muscle Performance Cardiopulmonary Endurance Functional Activities Kinesthetic Awareness Elements of Functional Training: Fundamental Techniques Position of Symptom Relief Effects of Movement on the Spine Blending of Kinesthetic Training, Stabilization Exercises, and Fundamental Body Mechanics Progression to Active and Habitual Control of Posture Mobility/Flexibility Cervical and Upper Thoracic Region: Stretching Techniques Techniques to Increase Thoracic Extension Techniques to Increase Cervical Retraction (Axial Extension): Scalene Muscle Stretch Techniques to Increase Upper Cervical Flexion: Suboccipital Muscle Stretch Traction as a Stretching Technique Cervical Joint Manipulation Techniques Manipulation to Increase Cervical Flexion Manipulation to Increase Cervical Extension Manipulation to Increase Cervical Rotation Manipulation to Increase Cervical Rotation and Side Bending Manipulation to Increase Cervical Rotation and Side Bending: Alternate Technique Muscle Energy Techniques to Increase Craniocervical Mobility Techniques to Increase Craniocervical Flexion Techniques to Increase Craniocervical Rotation Mid and Lower Thoracic and Lumbar Regions: Stretching Techniques Techniques to Increase Lumbar Flexion Techniques to Increase Lumbar Extension Techniques to Increase Lateral Flexibility of the Spine Traction as a Stretching Technique Thoracic and Lumbar Joint Manipulation and HVT Techniques Manipulation Technique to Increase Thoracic Spine Extension Manipulation Technique to Increase Thoracic Spine Flexion Manipulation to Increase Thoracic Spine Rotation Pistol Thrust to Increase Thoracic Spine Mobility Cross-Arm Thrust to Increase Thoracic Spine Mobility Fall Thrust to Increase Thoracic Spine Mobility Rib Manipulation for Expiratory Restriction Rib Manipulation for Inspiratory Restriction Elevated First Rib Manipulation Manipulation Techniques to Increase Lumbar Spine Extension Manipulation to Increase Lumbar Spine Rotation Manipulation to Increase Lumbar Intervertebral Side Bending HVT Lumbar Roll to Increase Lumbar Rotation SI Joint Manipulation Technique to Increase Sacral Nutation (Flexion) SI Joint Manipulation Technique to Increase Sacral Counternutation (Extension) Posterior Rotation Manipulation to Innominate Muscle Performance: Stabilization, Muscle Endurance, and Strength Training Stabilization Training: Fundamental Techniques and Progressions Guidelines for Stabilization Training Deep Segmental Muscle Activation and Training Global Muscle Stabilization Exercises Isometric and Dynamic Exercises Progression to Dynamic Exercises Exercises for the Cervical Region Exercises for the Thoracic and Lumbar Regions Cardiopulmonary Endurance Common Aerobic Exercises and Effects on the Spine Cycling Walking and Running Stair Climbing Cross-Country Skiing and Ski Machines Swimming Upper Body Ergometers Step Aerobics and Aerobic Dancing CrossFit “Latest Popular Craze” Functional Activities Early Functional Training: Fundamental Techniques Preparation for Functional Activities: Basic Exercise Techniques Weight-Bearing Exercises Transitional Stabilization Exercises Body Mechanics and Environmental Adaptations Principles of Body Mechanics: Instruction and Training Environmental Adaptations Intermediate to Advanced Exercise Techniques for Functional Training Repetitive Lifting Repetitive Reaching Repetitive Pushing and Pulling Rotation or Turning Transitional Movements Transfer of Training Patient Education for Prevention Chapter 17: The Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle Structure and Function of the Shoulder Girdle Joints of the Shoulder Complex Synovial Joints Functional Articulations Scapular Stability Shoulder Girdle Function Scapulohumeral Rhythm Scapular Dyskinesia Clavicular Elevation and Rotation With Humeral Motion External Rotation of the Humerus With Elevation Deltoid–Short Rotator Cuff and Supraspinatus Mechanisms Referred Pain and Nerve Injury Common Sources of Referred Pain in the Shoulder Region Nerve Disorders in the Shoulder Girdle Region Management of Shoulder Disorders and Surgeries Joint Hypomobility: Nonoperative Management Glenohumeral Joint Acromioclavicular and Sternoclavicular Joints Glenohumeral Joint Surgery and Postoperative Management Glenohumeral Arthroplasty Painful Shoulder Syndromes (Rotator Cuff Disorders and Tendinopathies): Nonoperative Management Related Pathologies and Etiology of Symptoms Common Impairments of Structure and Function in a Painful Shoulder Common Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions Management: Painful Shoulder Syndromes Painful Shoulder Syndromes: Surgery and Postoperative Management Subacromial Decompression and Postoperative Management Rotator Cuff Repair and Postoperative Management Shoulder Instabilities: Nonoperative Management Related Pathologies and Mechanisms of Injury Closed Reduction of Anterior Dislocation Closed Reduction of Posterior Dislocation Shoulder Instabilities: Surgery and Postoperative Management Glenohumeral Joint Stabilization Procedures and Postoperative Management Acromioclavicular and Sternoclavicular Joint Stabilization Procedures and Postoperative Management Exercise Interventions for the Shoulder Girdle Exercise Techniques During Acute and Early Subacute Stages of Tissue Healing Early Motion of the Glenohumeral Joint Early Motion of the Scapula Early Neuromuscular Control Exercise Techniques to Increase Flexibility and Range of Motion Self-Stretching Techniques to Increase Shoulder ROM Manual and Self-Stretching Exercises for Specific Muscles Exercises to Develop and Improve Muscle Performance and Functional Control Isometric Exercises Stabilization Exercises Dynamic Strengthening Exercises: Scapular Muscles Dynamic Strengthening Exercises: Glenohumeral Muscles Functional Progression for the Shoulder Complex Example Exercise Prescription for the Shoulder Chapter 18: The Elbow and Forearm Complex Structure and Function of the Elbow and Forearm Joints of the Elbow and Forearm Elbow Joint Characteristics and Arthrokinematics Forearm Joint Characteristics and Arthrokinematics Muscle Function at the Elbow and Forearm Primary Actions at the Elbow and Forearm Relationship of Wrist and Hand Muscles to the Elbow Referred Pain and Nerve Injury in the Elbow Region Common Sources of Referred Pain Into the Elbow Region Nerve Disorders in the Elbow Region Management of Elbow and Forearm Disorders and Surgeries Joint Hypomobility: Nonoperative Management Related Pathologies and Etiology of Symptoms Common Impairments of Structure and Function Common Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions Joint Hypomobility: Management—Protection Phase Joint Hypomobility: Management—Controlled Motion Phase Joint Hypomobility: Management—Return to Function Phase Joint Surgery and Postoperative Management Radial Head Excision or Arthroplasty Total Elbow Arthroplasty Myositis Ossificans Etiology of Symptoms Management Overuse Syndromes: Repetitive Trauma Syndromes Related Pathologies Etiology of Symptoms Common Impairments of Structure and Function Common Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions Nonoperative Management of Overuse Syndromes: Protection Phase Nonoperative Management: Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases Exercise Interventions for the Elbow and Forearm Exercise Techniques to Increase Flexibility and Range of Motion Manual, Mechanical, and Self-Stretching Techniques Self-Stretching Techniques: Muscles of the Medial and Lateral Epicondyles Exercises to Develop and Improve Muscle Performance and Functional Control Isometric Exercises Dynamic Strengthening and Endurance Exercises Functional Progression for the Elbow and Forearm Chapter 19: The Wrist and Hand Structure and Function of the Wrist and Hand Joints of the Wrist and Hand Wrist Joint: Characteristics and Arthrokinematics Hand Joints: Characteristics and Arthrokinematics Hand Function Muscles of the Wrist and Hand Grips and Prehension Patterns Major Nerves Subject to Pressure and Trauma at the Wrist and Hand Nerve Disorders in the Wrist Referred Pain and Sensory Patterns Management of Wrist and Hand Disorders and Surgeries Joint Hypomobility: Nonoperative Management Common Joint Pathologies and Associated Impairments Common Impairments of Function, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions Joint Hypomobility: Management—Protection Phase Joint Hypomobility: Management—Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases Joint Surgery and Postoperative Management Wrist Arthroplasty Metacarpophalangeal Implant Arthroplasty Proximal Interphalangeal Implant Arthroplasty Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty of the Thumb Tendon Rupture Associated With RA: Surgical and Postoperative Management Repetitive Trauma Syndromes/Overuse Syndromes Tendinopathy Traumatic Lesions of the Wrist and Hand Simple Sprain: Nonoperative Management Lacerated Flexor Tendons of the Hand: Surgical and Postoperative Management Lacerated Extensor Tendons of the Hand: Surgical and Postoperative Management Exercise Interventions for the Wrist and Hand Techniques for Musculotendinous Mobility Tendon-Gliding and Tendon-Blocking Exercises Scar Tissue Mobilization for Tendon Adhesions Exercise Techniques to Increase Flexibility and Range of Motion General Stretching Techniques Stretching Techniques for the Intrinsic and Multijoint Muscles Exercises to Develop and Improve Muscle Performance, Neuromuscular Control, and Coordinated Movement Techniques to Strengthen Muscles of the Wrist and Hand Functional Activities Chapter 20: The Hip Structure and Function of the Hip Anatomical Characteristics of the Hip Region Bony Structures Hip Joint Characteristics and Arthrokinematics Influence of the Hip Joint on Balance and Posture Control Functional Relationships in the Hip Region Motions of the Femur and Muscle Function Motions of the Pelvis and Muscle Function Hip, Knee, and Ankle Functional Relationships in Weight-Bearing Pathomechanics in the Hip Region The Hip and Gait Hip Muscle Function and Gait Effect of Musculoskeletal Impairments on Gait Referred Pain and Nerve Injury Major Nerves Subject to Injury or Entrapment Common Sources of Referred Pain in the Hip Region Management of Hip Disorders and Surgeries Joint Hypomobility: Nonoperative Management Related Pathologies and Etiology of Symptoms Common Impairments of Structure and Function Common Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions Management: Protection Phase Management: Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases Joint Surgery and Postoperative Management Arthroscopic Procedures for the Hip Total Hip Arthroplasty Hemiarthroplasty of the Hip Hip Fractures: Surgical and Postoperative Management Hip Fracture: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Impact on Function Sites and Types of Hip Fracture Nonoperative Management Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Hip Fracture Nonarthritic Hip Pain: Nonoperative Management Related Pathologies and Etiology of Symptoms Common Impairments of Structure and Function for Nonarthritic Hip Pain Management: Protection Phase Management: Controlled Motion Phase Management: Return to Function Phase Exercise Interventions for the Hip Region Exercise Techniques to Increase Flexibility and Range of Motion Techniques to Stretch Range-Limiting Hip Structures Techniques to Stretch Range-Limiting, Two-Joint Muscles Exercises to Develop and Improve Muscle Performance and Functional Control Open-Chain (Non-Weight-Bearing) Exercises Closed-Chain (Weight-Bearing) Exercises Functional Progression for the Hip Example Exercise Prescription for the Hip Chapter 21: The Knee Structure and Function of the Knee Joints of the Knee Complex Tibiofemoral Joint Patellofemoral Joint Patellar Function Patellar Alignment Patellar Compression Muscle Function Knee Extensor Muscle Function Knee Flexor Muscle Function Dynamic Stability of the Knee The Knee and Gait Muscle Control of the Knee During Gait Hip and Ankle Impairments Referred Pain and Nerve Injuries Major Nerves Subject to Injury at the Knee Common Sources of Referred Pain Management of Knee Disorders and Surgeries Joint Hypomobility: Nonoperative Management Common Joint Pathologies and Associated Impairments Joint Hypomobility: Management—Protection Phase Joint Hypomobility: Management—Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases Joint Surgery and Postoperative Management Repair and Restoration of Articular Cartilage Defects Total Knee Arthroplasty Patellofemoral Dysfunction: Nonoperative Management Related Patellofemoral Pathologies and Etiology of Symptoms Common Impairments PFS: Management—Protection Phase PFS: Management—Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases Patellar Instability: Surgical and Postoperative Management Overview of Surgical Options Proximal Extensor Mechanism Realignment: Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Repair or Reconstruction and Related Procedures Distal Realignment Procedures: Patellar Tendon With Tibial Tubercle Transfer and Related Procedures Ligament Injuries: Nonoperative Management Mechanisms of Injury Common Impairments, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions Conservative Management of Ligament Injuries Ligament Injuries: Surgical and Postoperative Management Background Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Meniscus Tears: Nonoperative Management Mechanisms of Injury Common Impairments and Activity Limitations Management Meniscus Tears: Surgical and Postoperative Management Meniscus Repair Partial Meniscectomy Exercise Interventions for the Knee Exercise Techniques to Increase Flexibility and Range of Motion To Increase Knee Extension To Increase Knee Flexion To Increase Mobility of the IT Band at the Knee Exercises to Develop and Improve Muscle Performance and Functional Control Open-Chain (Non-Weight-Bearing) Exercises Closed-Chain (Weight-Bearing) Exercises Functional Progression for the Knee Chapter 22: The Ankle and Foot Structure and Function of the Ankle and Foot Structural Relationships and Motions Anatomical Characteristics Motions of the Foot and Ankle Defined Joint Characteristics and Arthrokinematics: Leg, Ankle, and Foot Function of the Ankle and Foot Structural Relationships Muscle Function in the Ankle and Foot The Ankle/Foot Complex and Gait Function of the Ankle and Foot Joints During Gait Muscle Control of the Ankle and Foot During Gait Referred Pain and Nerve Injury Major Nerves Subject to Pressure and Trauma Common Sources of Segmental Sensory Reference in the Foot Management of Foot and Ankle Disorders and Surgeries Joint Hypomobility: Nonoperative Management Common Joint Pathologies and Etiology of Symptoms Common Impairments of Structure and Function, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions Joint Hypomobility: Management—Protection Phase Joint Hypomobility: Management—Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases Joint Surgery and Postoperative Management Total Ankle Arthroplasty Arthrodesis of the Ankle and Foot Leg, Heel, and Foot Pain: Nonoperative Management Related Pathologies and Etiology of Symptoms Common Impairments of Structure and Function, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions Leg, Heel, Foot Pain: Management—Protection Phase Leg, Heel, Foot Pain: Management—Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases Ligamentous Injuries: Nonoperative Management Common Impairments of Structure and Function, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions Ankle Sprain: Management—Protection Phase Ankle Sprain: Management—Controlled Motion Phase Ankle Sprain: Management—Return to Function Phase Traumatic Soft Tissue Injuries: Surgical and Postoperative Management Repair of Complete Lateral Ankle Ligament Tears Repair of a Ruptured Achilles Tendon Exercise Interventions for the Ankle and Foot Exercise Techniques to Increase Flexibility and Range of Motion Flexibility Exercises for the Ankle Region Flexibility Exercises for Limited Toe Mobility Stretching the Plantar Fascia of the Foot Exercises to Develop and Improve Muscle Performance and Functional Control Exercises to Develop Dynamic Neuromuscular Control Open-Chain (Non-Weight-Bearing) Exercises Closed-Chain (Weight-Bearing) Exercises Functional Progression for the Ankle and Foot Chapter 23: Advanced Functional Training Exercises for Stability and Balance Guidelines Revisited Advanced Stabilization and Balance Exercises Exercises for Strength and Power Advanced Strengthening Exercises Plyometric Training: Stretch-Shortening Drills Part V: Special Areas of Therapeutic Exercise Chapter 24: The Older Adult: Physical Activity and Exercise Definitions and Descriptions Applied to Older Adults Complexity of the Older Population Aging: Primary and Secondary Effects of Senescence on the Body Systems Aging and Health Effects of Decreased Activity Benefits of Physical Activity and Exercise The Choosing Wisely Initiative Healthy People 2030 ACSM Exercise is Medicine® The WHO’s Global Action Plan on Physical Activity Wellness Aging Model Related to Illness, Injury, and Inactivity Considerations Before Implementation of Physical Activity and Exercise Interviewing the Older Adult: Highlights Objective Measures to Assess Strength, Power, Fall Risk, and Functional Mobility in the Older Adult Exercise Prescription for the Older Adult Multidimensional Program Aerobic Exercise for the Older Adult Flexibility Exercises for the Older Adult Balance Interventions for the Older Adult Resistance Exercise for the Older Adult Functional Training for the Older Adult Common Disorders in Older Adults: Physical Activity and Exercise Recommendations Falls in Older Adults Dementia Parkinson Disease Osteoporosis Frailty, Sarcopenia, and Geriatric Syndrome Osteoarthritis (OA) Urinary Incontinence Summary Chapter 25: Women’s Health: Obstetrics and Pelvic Floor Overview of Pregnancy, Labor, and Related Conditions Characteristics of Pregnancy and Labor Pregnancy Labor Anatomical and Physiological Changes of Pregnancy Weight Gain During Pregnancy Changes in Organ Systems Changes in Posture and Balance Overview of Pelvic Floor Anatomy, Function, and Dysfunction Pelvic Floor Musculature Effect of Childbirth on the Pelvic Floor Classification of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Risk Factors for Dysfunction in the Female Population Considerations for Treatment of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in the Male Population Interventions for Pelvic Floor Impairments Pregnancy-Induced Pathology Diastasis Recti Posture-Related Back Pain Sacroiliac/Pelvic Girdle Pain Varicose Veins Joint Laxity Nerve Compression Syndromes Exercise Interventions for Pelvic Floor Impairments, Pregnancy, Labor, and Related Conditions Exercise for the Pelvic Floor Pelvic Floor Awareness and Training Related Exercises for Pelvic Floor Stabilization Aerobic Exercise During Pregnancy Maternal Response to Aerobic Exercise Fetal Response to Maternal Aerobic Exercise Recommendations for Aerobic Training Exercise for the Uncomplicated Pregnancy and Postpartum Guidelines for Managing the Pregnant Woman Precautions and Contraindications to Exercise During Pregnancy Critical Areas of Emphasis and Selected Exercise Techniques Unsafe Exercises and Postures During Pregnancy Relaxation and Breathing Exercises for Use During Labor Exercise Critical to the Postpartum Period Cesarean Childbirth Significance to Physical Therapists Suggested Activities for the Patient Following a Cesarean Section High-Risk Pregnancy High-Risk Conditions Management Guidelines and Precautions for High-Risk Pregnancies Chapter 26: Management of Lymphatic Disorders Disorders of the Lymphatic System Structure and Function of the Lymphatic System Types of Lymphedema Clinical Manifestations of Lymphatic Disorders Examination and Evaluation of Lymphatic Function Lymphedema Risk Reduction Management of Lymphedema Breast Cancer–Related Lymphatic Dysfunction Background Surgical Procedures Radiation Therapy Impairments and Complications Related to Breast Cancer Treatment Guidelines for Management Following Breast Cancer Surgery Exercises for the Management of Lymphedema Background and Rationale Components of Exercise Regimens for Management of Lymphedema Guidelines for Lymphatic Drainage Exercises Selected Exercises for Lymphatic Drainage: Upper and Lower Extremity Sequences Chapter 27: Exercise for Special Populations Diseases and Conditions Obesity Metabolic Syndrome Type 2 Diabetes Cancer Chronic Pain Disorder Hypertension Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Spinal Cord Injury Management of Multiple Diseases and Conditions Brief Summary of Other Diseases and Conditions Parkinson Disease Fibromyalgia Myofascial Pain Syndrome Osteoporosis