Test Bank for Human Physiology, 2nd Edition, 2e by Bryan H. Derrickson TEST BANK

Test Bank for Human Physiology, 2nd Edition, 2e by Bryan H. Derrickson TEST BANK ISBN-13: 9781119484868 FULL CHAPTERS INCLUDED 1 An Introduction to Physiology 1 1.1 Physiology Defined 2 1.2 Levels of Organiz ...

Test Bank for Human Physiology, 2nd Edition, 2e by Bryan H. Derrickson TEST BANK ISBN-13: 9781119484868 FULL CHAPTERS INCLUDED 1 An Introduction to Physiology 1 1.1 Physiology Defined 2 1.2 Levels of Organization in the Body 2 1.3 Life Processes 5 1.4 Homeostasis 7 1.5 Physiology as a Science 13 1.6 Key Themes of Physiology 16 Chapter Review 18 / Ponder This 19 / Answers to Figure Questions 19 2 Chemical Composition of the Body 20 2.1 How Matter Is Organized 21 2.2 Chemical Bonds 25 2.3 Chemical Reactions 30 2.4 Inorganic Compounds and Solutions 31 2.5 Organic Compounds 36 Chapter Review 56 / Ponder This 58 / Answers to Figure Questions 58 3 Cells 60 3.1 Components of a Cell 61 3.2 The Plasma Membrane 62 3.3 Cytoplasm 64 3.4 Nucleus 73 3.5 Gene Expression 75 3.6 Cell Division 79 3.7 Cellular Diversity 83 3.8 Organization of Cells into Tissues 84 4 Metabolism 98 4.1 An Overview of Metabolism 99 4.2 Energy and Metabolism 100 4.3 Enzymes 102 4.4 Role of ATP in Metabolism 106 4.5 Carbohydrate Metabolism 113 4.6 Lipid Metabolism 121 4.7 Protein Metabolism 122 4.8 Nutrition and Metabolism 125 Chapter Review 128 / Ponder This 130 / Answers to Figure Questions 130 5 Transport across the Plasma Membrane 131 5.1 Selective Permeability of the Plasma Membrane 132 5.2 Gradients across the Plasma Membrane 133 5.3 Classification of Membrane Transport Processes as Passive or Active 134 5.4 Passive Transport 134 5.5 Active Transport 145 5.6 Vesicular Transport 147 5.7 Transepithelial Transport 153 Chapter Review 156 / Ponder This 158 / Answers to Figure Questions 158 6 Cell Signaling 159 6.1 Methods of Cell-to-Cell Communication 160 6.2 Extracellular Chemical Messengers 161 6.3 Receptors 165 6.4 Signal Transduction Pathways 170 6.5 Comparison of the Nervous and Endocrine Systems 186 Chapter Review 187 / Ponder This 188 / Answers to Figure Questions 188 7 The Nervous System and Neuronal Excitability 190 7.1 Overview of the Nervous System 191 7.2 Cells of the Nervous System 193 7.3 Electrical Signals in Neurons 200 7.4 Signal Transmission at Synapses 223 7.5 Neurotransmitters 232 7.6 Neural Circuits 237 Chapter Review 239 / Ponder This 241 / Answers to Figure Questions 241 8 The Central Nervous System 243 8.1 Spinal Cord 244 8.2 Brain 249 8.3 Integrative Functions of the Cerebrum 266 Chapter Review 278 / Ponder This 278 / Answers to Figure Questions 279 9 Sensory Systems 280 9.1 Overview of Sensation 281 9.2 The Somatic Sensory System 292 9.3 The Olfactory System 307 9.4 The Gustatory System 310 9.5 The Visual System 314 9.6 The Auditory and Vestibular Systems 333 Chapter Review 347 / Ponder This 349 / Answers to Figure Questions 349 10 Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems 351 10.1 Autonomic Nervous System 352 10.2 Somatic Nervous System 366 11 Muscle 375 11.1 Overview of Muscle 376 11.2 Organization of Skeletal Muscle 378 11.3 Contraction and Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 386 11.4 ATP Production in Skeletal Muscle 394 11.5 Skeletal Muscle Mechanics 397 11.6 Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 405 11.7 Cardiac Muscle 408 11.8 Smooth Muscle 411 11.9 Regeneration of Muscle 418 Chapter Review 421 / Ponder This 423 / Answers to Figure Questions 423 12 Control of Body Movement 425 12.1 Overview of Motor Control 426 12.2 Local Level of Motor Control 427 13 The Endocrine System 447 13.1 Overview of the Endocrine System 448 13.2 Pituitary Gland 455 13.3 Thyroid Gland 467 13.4 Parathyroid Glands 471 13.5 Adrenal Glands 473 13.6 Pineal Gland 478 13.7 Pancreas 479 13.8 Ovaries and Testes 486 13.9 Other Endocrine Organs and Tissues 486 13.10 Endocrine Control of Growth 489 13.11 The Stress Response 492 13.6 Pineal Gland 478 13.7 Pancreas 479 13.8 Ovaries and Testes 486 13.9 Other Endocrine Organs and Tissues 486 13.10 Endocrine Control of Growth 489 13.11 The Stress Response 492 Chapter Review 496 / Ponder This 498 / Answers to Figure Questions 498 14 The Cardiovascular System: The Heart 500 14.1 Basic Design of the Cardiovascular System 501 14.2 Organization of the Heart 504 14.3 Cardiac Muscle Tissue and the Cardiac Conduction System 511 14.4 The Cardiac Cycle 523 14.5 Cardiac Output 525 14.6 Exercise and the Heart 534 15 The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Hemodynamics 540 15.1 Overview of the Vasculature 541 15.2 Capillary Exchange and Lymphatics 547 15.3 Hemodynamics 554 15.4 Control of Blood Flow 563 15.5 Regulation of Mean Arterial Pressure 569 15.6 Shock and Homeostasis 575 16 The Cardiovascular System: The Blood 583 16.1 Overview of Blood 584 16.2 Erythrocytes 588 16.3 Leukocytes 594 16.4 Platelets 595 16.5 Hemostasis 597 16.6 Blood Groups and Blood Types 603 Chapter Review 609 / Ponder This 610 / Answers to Figure Questions 611 17 The Immune System 612 17.1 Components of the Immune System 613 17.2 Innate Immunity 615 17.3 Adaptive Immunity 622 Chapter Review 643 / Ponder This 644 / Answers to Figure Questions 645 18 The Respiratory System 646 18.1 Overview of the Respiratory System 647 18.2 Ventilation 654 18.3 Lung Volumes and Capacities 662 18.4 Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide 665 18.5 Transport of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide 669 18.6 Control of Ventilation 676 18.7 Exercise and the Respiratory System 680 Chapter Review 683 / Ponder This 685 / Answers to Figure Questions 685 19 The Urinary System 686 19.1 Overview of Kidney Functions 687 19.2 Organization of the Kidneys 687 19.3 Overview of Renal Physiology 690 19.4 Glomerular Filtration 692 19.5 Tubular Reabsorption and Tubular Secretion 697 19.6 Production of Dilute and Concentrated Urine 709 19.7 Evaluation of Kidney Function 715 19.8 Urine Transportation, Storage, and Elimination 720 19.9 Waste Management in Other Body Systems 722 Chapter Review 724 / Ponder This 726 / Answers to Figure Questions 726 20 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Homeostasis 727 20.1 Fluid Compartments and Fluid Balance 728 20.2 Electrolytes in Body Fluids 734 20.3 Acid–Base Balance 737 Chapter Review 746 / Ponder This 747 / Answers to Figure Questions 747 21 The Digestive System 748 21.1 Overview of the Digestive System 749 21.2 Mouth 755 21.3 Pharynx and Esophagus 757 21.4 Stomach 760 21.5 Pancreas, Liver, and Gallbladder 764 21.6 Small Intestine 769 21.7 Large Intestine 778 21.8 Phases of Digestion 782 21.9 Transport of Lipids by Lipoproteins 784 Chapter Review 789 / Ponder This 790 / Answers to Figure Questions 791 22 Metabolic Adaptations, Energy Balance, and Temperature Regulation 792 22.1 Metabolic Adaptations 793 22.2 Energy Balance 797 22.3 Regulation of Body Temperature 802 Chapter Review 808 / Ponder This 809 / Answers to Figure Questions 809 23 The Reproductive Systems 810 23.1 Reproductive Cell Division 811 23.2 Male Reproductive System 813 23.3 Female Reproductive System 823 23.4 The Human Sexual Response 834 23.5 Sex Determination and Sex Diff erentiation 835 23.6 Aging and the Reproductive Systems 839 23.7 Pregnancy and Labor 840 23.8 Contraception and Abortion 851 23.9 Infertility 854