PSY101_MH_V4 • Topic 8: Intelligence and Reason

Question text c. dopamine a. serotonin b. GABA Nicotine raises levels in the brain. Select one: Flag question Question 2 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question 3 Correct 5.00 points out of 5. ...

Question text c. dopamine a. serotonin b. GABA Nicotine raises levels in the brain. Select one: Flag question Question 2 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question 3 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question 4 Question text Question text d. altered states of consciousness. a. automatic processing. b. sleep apnea. c. higher-level consciousness. Drugs, trauma, fatigue, hypnosis, and sensory deprivation typically produce Select one: b. controlled processes. c. executive function. d. altered awareness. a. automatic processes. Adam, a student, is attending a lecture on the topic of semantics. He is able to concentrate on the lecture and is also able to type a message to his friend on his smartphone without looking at the phone. In the context of the levels of awareness, Adam's state of consciousness best illustrates the concept of Select one: d. epinephrine Question text Question text Question 6 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 b. Meditation c. Caffeinism d. Extrasensory perception (ESP) a. Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness or psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions. Select one: Flag question Question 5 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 c. melatonin d. glutamate b. dopamine a. serotonin Which of the following neurotransmitters plays an important role in addiction? Select one: Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Question text Question 8 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 d. neutral stimulus; reinforcer stimulus c. neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus a. conditioned stimulus; neutral stimulus b. conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus In Pavlov's classic study on classical conditioning, the bell was a before conditioning and became a(n) after conditioning had occurred. Select one: Flag question Question 7 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 b. contingency c. eventuality d. synergy a. contiguity In the context of classical conditioning, means that the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are presented very close together in time—even a mere fraction of a second. Select one: Flag question Question text Question text Flag question Question 10 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 d. is the type of reinforcement in which a reinforcer follows a behavior only a portion of the time. c. is the type of reinforcement in which organisms learn rapidly. a. is particularly resistant to extinction. b. is that which characterizes most life experiences. In operant conditioning, continuous reinforcement Select one: Flag question Question 9 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 b. Extinction c. Discrimination d. Generalization a. Punishment is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur. Select one: Flag question Question text Question text Question text is the species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others. Select one: Flag question Question 12 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 d. It is unlikely to be used in educational settings. c. It takes place when a person notices and imitates another's behavior. a. It occurs when people make an association between two events. b. It rarely relies on mental processes. Which of the following statements is true of observational learning? Select one: Flag question Question 11 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 d. latent learning c. observational learning a. operant conditioning b. classical conditioning The adage "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" best reflects which of the following types of learning? Select one: Flag question Question 13 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question 14 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question text Question text Belinda and John were best friends through their school years. Belinda now works in a café and has become good friends with her colleague, Jim. However, Belinda often finds herself referring to Jim as John, even though she has not spoken to John for at least four years. Belinda's confusion with these names may be attributed to the occurrence of Select one: d. the amygdala c. the cerebellum a. the temporal lobes b. the hippocampus Jack doesn't need to look at his keyboard while typing. His fingers automatically move over the keys as he types information into the computer. In the context of memory storage, which part of Jack's brain is active in the memory required to perform these skills? Select one: d. Conceptualization c. Preparedness a. Instinctive drift b. Instinctive learning Flag question Question 15 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question 16 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 Question text Question text a. Recognition tests such as essay tests have poor retrieval cues. In the context of memory retrieval, which of the following is true of recognition? Select one: d. echo c. recency a. primacy b. placebo Kate is on the phone talking to her friend Paul, who is referring her for a job interview. Paul gives Kate a phone number, but before Kate can write it down, the call is disconnected. Kate can only recall the last three digits of the number that Paul gave her. This scenario best illustrates the effect. Select one: b. retroactive interference. c. retrograde amnesia. d. anterograde amnesia. a. proactive interference. Flag question Question 17 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question 18 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Why did cognitive psychologist Jonathan Schooler suggest that the term recovered memories be replaced with the term discovered memories? Select one: a. Individuals with "discovered" memories experience them as real, whether or not the memories are accurate. b. "Discovered" memories are more accurate and detailed than "recovered" memories. c. The term discovered memories avoids the negative connotations of the term recovered memories. d. Individuals with "discovered" memories realize that the memories may be inaccurate. Question text In the context of the role of language in cognition, which of the following is a contribution of linguist Benjamin Whorf (1956)? Select one: c. In the task of recognition, an individual is typically confined to identify learned items. d. Recognition of a stimulus is far more difficult than recall of a stimulus. b. In the task of recognition, an individual has to retrieve previously learned information. Flag question Question 19 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question 20 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question text Question text b. finding and framing problems a. evaluating solutions Which of the following is the first step in the problem-solving process? Select one: d. Syntax a. Phonology b. Semantic c. Morphology refers to a language's rules for combining words to form acceptable phrases and sentences. Select one: c. He believed that children learn the full rules and structure of languages by only imitating what they hear. d. He argued that children learn language by being completely aware of its underlying logic. b. He argued that language determines the way people think. a. He believed that language milestones are dependent on the language input received from the environment. Flag question Question 21 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question 22 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question 23 Correct Question text Question text d. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. a. refers to the ability to yield a consistent result to what it is intended to measure. b. refers to the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure. c. is the extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance. Standardization Select one: c. Semantics d. Matrices b. Concepts a. Algorithms are mental categories that are used to group objects, events, and characteristics. Select one: c. developing good problem-solving strategies d. rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time Question text Question text Question 25 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 b. Algorithms lead to different answers to a given problem. c. Heuristics guarantee a solution to a problem. d. Algorithms are faster than heuristics. a. Heuristics are shortcut strategies. Which of the following is true of algorithms and heuristics used for solving real-life problems? Select one: Flag question Question 24 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 d. Sam should define the problem and develop strategies to solve it. a. Sam should rethink and redefine the problem and its solution over time. b. Sam should implement the solution that has been identified. c. Sam should evaluate the solutions offered by his employees. Sam manages a fast-food restaurant. He is frustrated because employees often call in sick at the last minute before the start of their shift. Given that Sam recognizes this problem, which of the following is the next immediate step that he should take to solve this problem? Select one: 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text b. People disregard prior experiences or failures when making predictions about the possibility of an outcome. c. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. d. People tend to report falsely, after the fact, that they accurately predicted an outcome.