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a. evolutionary approach
In the country of Calibria, men prefer to date women with wide hips because they believe
that these women are able to reproduce better. This scenario most likely illustrates the
...
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a. evolutionary approach
In the country of Calibria, men prefer to date women with wide hips because they believe
that these women are able to reproduce better. This scenario most likely illustrates the
to psychology.
Select one:
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b. He will test the prediction by conducting empirical research.
a. He will evaluate the results of his experiment.
After careful observation, Dylan has stated a hypothesis that spending money on other
people leads to greater happiness than spending money on oneself. In accordance with the
scientific method, which of the following steps is Dylan most likely to take next?
Select one:
d. behavioral
a. environmental
b. psychodynamic
c. observational
The approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable actions and/or
responses and their environmental determinants.
Select one:
b. biological approach
c. humanistic approach
d. cognitive approach
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c. Violent people like ice cream more than nonviolent people.
b. A third variable, such as heat, may account for the association between ice cream sales
and violent crime.
a. Ice cream causes people to become more violent and aggressive.
Dr. Simpson found a +.50 correlation between ice cream cone sales and violent crimes in a
community. Which of the following represents the best interpretation of this result?
Select one:
b. hypothesis
c. operational definition
d. experimental bias
a. theory
A(n) is a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain
observations and to make predictions about future observations.
Select one:
c. He will conclude whether spending money on others can be a strong predictor of
happiness.
d. He will publish the experimental results in a reputable journal.
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Andrea, a psychologist, conducts a study to determine the effect of students' ages on their
college grades. She divides a class into two groups: Below Age and Above Age. Members
of the Below Age group are less than 18 years of age, whereas members of the Above Age
group are 18 years of age or above. In this scenario, which of the following illustrates the
dependent variable?
Select one:
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a. the placebo effect
b. experimenter bias
Emma, a psychologist, wants to study the relationship that exists among college girls who
stay in hostels. She disguises herself as a college student and shares a dorm with some
girls for a month. During her stay, she observes their various behaviors and makes notes
when the girls are fast asleep. Which of the following is best exemplified in this scenario?
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a. members of the Below Age group
b. members of the Above Age group
c. college grades
d. ages of the students
d. Ice cream consumption is not related to violent crime.
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a. requesting her family members and friends to participate in the study
b. obtaining informed consent from the participants
Olivia, a research student, wants to determine the effect of alcoholism on domestic violence
as part of her thesis paper. She realizes that informing the participants of her study about its
exact nature will affect the results. The participants are likely to feel ashamed of openly
discussing such sensitive issues. In this scenario, which of the following would be the best
approach for Olivia?
Select one:
b. A double-blind experiment
c. Naturalistic observation
d. Structuralism
a. A longitudinal design
is defined as a special kind of systematic observation, used by correlational
researchers, that involves obtaining measures of the variables of interest in multiple waves
over time.
Select one:
d. naturalistic observation
c. a double-blind experiment
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a. Critical thinking is the process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions, and
evaluating the evidence.
b. Critical thinking comes into play when scientists consider the conclusions they draw from
research.
Which of the following statements about critical thinking is FALSE?
Select one:
d. freedom from harm
c. confidentiality
a. deception
b. informed consent
According to the principle of , researchers are responsible for keeping all of the
data they gather on individuals completely confidential and, when possible, completely
anonymous.
Select one:
d. changing the topic for her thesis
c. debriefing her participants after the study's completion
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b. Neural impulses
c. Synapses
d. Dendrites
a. Neurotransmitters
are chemical substances that are stored in very tiny sacs within the neuron's
terminal buttons and involved in transmitting information across a synaptic gap to the next
neuron.
Select one:
d. play a role in imitation
c. speed up the transmission of nerve impulses
a. carry information away from the cell body toward other cells
b. increase the surface area of nerve cells
Which of the following is a function of the myelin sheath?
Select one:
d. Critical thinkers question and test what some people say are facts.
c. Critical thinking increases the likelihood that conclusions will be based on unreliable
personal beliefs, opinions, and motions.
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d. tell muscles what to do
c. fight-or-flight reaction
a. convey information from skin to the central nervous system (CNS)
b. calm the body
Which of the following is one of the functions of the sympathetic nervous system?
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c. autonomic nervous system.
d. somatic nervous system.
b. central nervous system.
a. peripheral nervous system.
The brain and spinal cord make up the
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d. GABA
c. Norepinephrine
a. Serotonin
b. Dopamine
inhibits the firing of neurons in the central nervous system, but it excites the heart
muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract.
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b. adrenal glands
c. pituitary glands
d. pancreas
a. testes and ovaries
Which of the following organs are involved in men's and women's sexual development and
reproduction?
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b. Experimental evolution
c. Polymorphism
d. Natural selection
a. Selective breeding
is a genetic method in which organisms are chosen for reproduction based on
how much of a particular trait they display.
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b. ergosomes.
c. ribosomes.
d. polysomes.
a. chromosomes.
In the human cell, threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, one member of each pair
originating from each parent, and that contain DNA are called
Select one:
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c. the perception of a sound's frequency depends on how often the auditory nerve fires.
d. a cluster of nerve cells in the inner ear can fire neural impulses in rapid succession.
b. each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane of the
inner ear.
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b. shape constancy.
c. proximity.
d. figure-ground.
a. size constancy.
If we see a German shepherd standing 30 feet away from us, we recognize that it is just as
big as it was when it was much closer to us. This is primarily due to
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a. the vibrations in the ear produced by auditory stimuli travel in one direction—from the tip
of the cochlea to the oval window.
In the context of the auditory system, frequency theory states that
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c. self-actualization.
d. activation-synthesis.
b. hypnagogic reverie.
a. high consciousness.
As Carlton is just about to fall asleep, he experiences an overwhelming feeling of wellness
and a sense that everything is going to work out. This state of mind is referred to as
Select one:
a. Sensory neurons (unlike all neurons) do not follow the all-or-nothing principle.
b. The senses undergo a process known as synaesthesia that describes an experience in
which one sense induces an experience in the same sense.
Which of the following explains the ability of an animal to distinguish among sight, sound,
odor, taste, and touch?
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d. The receptor holds the frequency of action potentials sent to the brain.
c. Sensory receptors are selective and have different neural pathways.
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b. Discrimination
c. Spontaneous recovery
d. Latent learning
a. Generalization
in classical conditioning is the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the
original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response.
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b. Amphetamines
c. Hallucinogens
d. Stimulants
a. Barbiturates
, such as Nembutal and Seconal, are depressant drugs that decrease central
nervous system activity.
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b. encoding the information and keeping it in memory so that it can be retrieved later
c. imitating and enacting a model's actions to achieve similarity in reproduction of the set of
behaviors initially observed
d. attending to what the model is saying or doing
a. judging whether to repeat a behavior depending on the consequences of the
behavior
Which of the following describes the reinforcement element in observational learning?
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d. the soup
c. the vegetables
a. Andrea
b. Leo
Andrea is the mother of Leo, a six-month-old child. She wants to introduce vegetables in
Leo's diet. As Leo is used to having lentil soup as his evening snack, Andrea prepares lentil
soup with vegetables in it and makes Leo taste it. He does not like the taste of the soup and
refuses to have it. After that day, he refuses to have even plain lentil soup. In this scenario,
which of the following acts as the conditioned stimulus?
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d. For individuals with a fixed mindset, failure means lack of ability.
a. People believe in learning rather than scoring well.
b. To individuals with a fixed mindset, failure indicates what they still need to learn.
c. People believe that their qualities can change and improve through their effort.
In the context of psychological constraints, which of the following statements is true about a
fixed mindset?
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c. It was first conceptualized by Ivan Pavlov.
d. It usually begins with reinforcement and ends with extinction.
b. It often takes less time than operant conditioning.
a. It focuses on automatic, involuntary behaviors.
Which of the following is true of observational learning?
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Which of the following scenarios best illustrates multitasking?
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d. It involves mechanically repeating information, without imparting meaning to it.
a. It involves the unconscious repetition of information.
b. It can only be used to store verbal information for half a minute or less.
c. It always results in distortion of memories.
Which of the following is the main reason that hampers the use of rehearsal as a tool for
retaining information over a long period of time?
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b. Atkinson-Shiffrin theory
c. interference theory
d. serial position effect
a. encoding specificity principle
In the context of memory retrieval, the states that information present at the time
of encrypting or learning tends to be effective as a retrieval cue.
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b. Children are highly affected by the language input they receive from their environments.
c. Children learn the full rules and structure of languages by only imitating what they hear.
a. Children learn language without an awareness of its underlying logic.
According to American linguist Noam Chomsky, identify a true statement about language
universals.
Select one:
d. It is determined by the amount of reinforcement or the ability to hear.
c. It refers to the endless repetition of sounds and syllables.
a. It usually begins when babies are 18–24 months old.
b. It is unlikely to be determined by biological readiness.
Which of the following statements is true of babbling?
Select one:
b. Lewis drawing a portrait using watercolors
c. Emma playing her guitar while looking at the fret board
d. Logan writing down his academic goals for the current semester
a. James surfing the Web and texting while doing his homework
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d. musical intelligence.
c. interpersonal intelligence.
a. mathematical intelligence.
b. spatial intelligence.
According to Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences, a psychiatrist is most likely to score
high on
Select one:
c. The representativeness heuristic
d. Hindsight bias
b. The availability heuristic
a. Confirmation bias
refers to a prediction about the probability of an event based on the ease of
recalling or imagining similar events.
Select one:
d. Children all over the world reach language milestones at different times and in varying
orders.
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b. People tend to make more losses than gains when making investments based on the
suggestions of their peers.
c. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment.
d. People tend to report falsely, after the fact, that they accurately predicted an outcome.
a. People ascribe greater value to things they already own, compared to objects owned by
someone else.
In the context of loss aversion, which of the following statements is true of the endowment
effect?
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b. software; hardware
c. hardware; hard drive
d. software; random-access memory (RAM)
a. hardware; software
An analogy is sometimes drawn between human cognition and the way computers work.
The physical brain is analogous to a computer's , and cognition is analogous to a
computer's .
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d. involves developing uniform procedures for administe
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