PSY101_MH_V4 • Topic 8: Intelligence and Reason

Question text a. evolutionary approach In the country of Calibria, men prefer to date women with wide hips because they believe that these women are able to reproduce better. This scenario most likely illustrates the ...

Question text a. evolutionary approach In the country of Calibria, men prefer to date women with wide hips because they believe that these women are able to reproduce better. This scenario most likely illustrates the to psychology. Select one: Flag question Question 2 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question 3 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question text Question text b. He will test the prediction by conducting empirical research. a. He will evaluate the results of his experiment. After careful observation, Dylan has stated a hypothesis that spending money on other people leads to greater happiness than spending money on oneself. In accordance with the scientific method, which of the following steps is Dylan most likely to take next? Select one: d. behavioral a. environmental b. psychodynamic c. observational The approach emphasizes the scientific study of observable actions and/or responses and their environmental determinants. Select one: b. biological approach c. humanistic approach d. cognitive approach Flag question Question 4 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question 5 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question text Question text c. Violent people like ice cream more than nonviolent people. b. A third variable, such as heat, may account for the association between ice cream sales and violent crime. a. Ice cream causes people to become more violent and aggressive. Dr. Simpson found a +.50 correlation between ice cream cone sales and violent crimes in a community. Which of the following represents the best interpretation of this result? Select one: b. hypothesis c. operational definition d. experimental bias a. theory A(n) is a broad idea or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations and to make predictions about future observations. Select one: c. He will conclude whether spending money on others can be a strong predictor of happiness. d. He will publish the experimental results in a reputable journal. Flag question Question 6 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question text Andrea, a psychologist, conducts a study to determine the effect of students' ages on their college grades. She divides a class into two groups: Below Age and Above Age. Members of the Below Age group are less than 18 years of age, whereas members of the Above Age group are 18 years of age or above. In this scenario, which of the following illustrates the dependent variable? Select one: Question text a. the placebo effect b. experimenter bias Emma, a psychologist, wants to study the relationship that exists among college girls who stay in hostels. She disguises herself as a college student and shares a dorm with some girls for a month. During her stay, she observes their various behaviors and makes notes when the girls are fast asleep. Which of the following is best exemplified in this scenario? Select one: Question 7 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question a. members of the Below Age group b. members of the Above Age group c. college grades d. ages of the students d. Ice cream consumption is not related to violent crime. Flag question Question 8 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question 9 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question text Question text a. requesting her family members and friends to participate in the study b. obtaining informed consent from the participants Olivia, a research student, wants to determine the effect of alcoholism on domestic violence as part of her thesis paper. She realizes that informing the participants of her study about its exact nature will affect the results. The participants are likely to feel ashamed of openly discussing such sensitive issues. In this scenario, which of the following would be the best approach for Olivia? Select one: b. A double-blind experiment c. Naturalistic observation d. Structuralism a. A longitudinal design is defined as a special kind of systematic observation, used by correlational researchers, that involves obtaining measures of the variables of interest in multiple waves over time. Select one: d. naturalistic observation c. a double-blind experiment Flag question Question 10 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question 11 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question text Question text a. Critical thinking is the process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating the evidence. b. Critical thinking comes into play when scientists consider the conclusions they draw from research. Which of the following statements about critical thinking is FALSE? Select one: d. freedom from harm c. confidentiality a. deception b. informed consent According to the principle of , researchers are responsible for keeping all of the data they gather on individuals completely confidential and, when possible, completely anonymous. Select one: d. changing the topic for her thesis c. debriefing her participants after the study's completion Flag question Question 12 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question 13 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question text Question text b. Neural impulses c. Synapses d. Dendrites a. Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that are stored in very tiny sacs within the neuron's terminal buttons and involved in transmitting information across a synaptic gap to the next neuron. Select one: d. play a role in imitation c. speed up the transmission of nerve impulses a. carry information away from the cell body toward other cells b. increase the surface area of nerve cells Which of the following is a function of the myelin sheath? Select one: d. Critical thinkers question and test what some people say are facts. c. Critical thinking increases the likelihood that conclusions will be based on unreliable personal beliefs, opinions, and motions. Question text Question text Question 16 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 d. tell muscles what to do c. fight-or-flight reaction a. convey information from skin to the central nervous system (CNS) b. calm the body Which of the following is one of the functions of the sympathetic nervous system? Select one: Flag question Question 15 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 c. autonomic nervous system. d. somatic nervous system. b. central nervous system. a. peripheral nervous system. The brain and spinal cord make up the Select one: Question 14 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Question text Question 18 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 d. GABA c. Norepinephrine a. Serotonin b. Dopamine inhibits the firing of neurons in the central nervous system, but it excites the heart muscle, intestines, and urogenital tract. Select one: Flag question Question 17 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 b. adrenal glands c. pituitary glands d. pancreas a. testes and ovaries Which of the following organs are involved in men's and women's sexual development and reproduction? Select one: Flag question Question text Question text Question 20 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 b. Experimental evolution c. Polymorphism d. Natural selection a. Selective breeding is a genetic method in which organisms are chosen for reproduction based on how much of a particular trait they display. Select one: Flag question Question 19 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 b. ergosomes. c. ribosomes. d. polysomes. a. chromosomes. In the human cell, threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, one member of each pair originating from each parent, and that contain DNA are called Select one: Flag question c. the perception of a sound's frequency depends on how often the auditory nerve fires. d. a cluster of nerve cells in the inner ear can fire neural impulses in rapid succession. b. each frequency produces vibrations at a particular spot on the basilar membrane of the inner ear. Question text Question text Question 22 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 b. shape constancy. c. proximity. d. figure-ground. a. size constancy. If we see a German shepherd standing 30 feet away from us, we recognize that it is just as big as it was when it was much closer to us. This is primarily due to Select one: Flag question Question 21 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question a. the vibrations in the ear produced by auditory stimuli travel in one direction—from the tip of the cochlea to the oval window. In the context of the auditory system, frequency theory states that Select one: Flag question Question 23 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question 24 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question text Question text c. self-actualization. d. activation-synthesis. b. hypnagogic reverie. a. high consciousness. As Carlton is just about to fall asleep, he experiences an overwhelming feeling of wellness and a sense that everything is going to work out. This state of mind is referred to as Select one: a. Sensory neurons (unlike all neurons) do not follow the all-or-nothing principle. b. The senses undergo a process known as synaesthesia that describes an experience in which one sense induces an experience in the same sense. Which of the following explains the ability of an animal to distinguish among sight, sound, odor, taste, and touch? Select one: Flag question d. The receptor holds the frequency of action potentials sent to the brain. c. Sensory receptors are selective and have different neural pathways. Question text Question text Question 26 Incorrect 0.00 points out of 5.00 b. Discrimination c. Spontaneous recovery d. Latent learning a. Generalization in classical conditioning is the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response. Select one: Flag question Question 25 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 b. Amphetamines c. Hallucinogens d. Stimulants a. Barbiturates , such as Nembutal and Seconal, are depressant drugs that decrease central nervous system activity. Select one: Flag question Question text Question text Question 28 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 b. encoding the information and keeping it in memory so that it can be retrieved later c. imitating and enacting a model's actions to achieve similarity in reproduction of the set of behaviors initially observed d. attending to what the model is saying or doing a. judging whether to repeat a behavior depending on the consequences of the behavior Which of the following describes the reinforcement element in observational learning? Select one: Flag question Question 27 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 d. the soup c. the vegetables a. Andrea b. Leo Andrea is the mother of Leo, a six-month-old child. She wants to introduce vegetables in Leo's diet. As Leo is used to having lentil soup as his evening snack, Andrea prepares lentil soup with vegetables in it and makes Leo taste it. He does not like the taste of the soup and refuses to have it. After that day, he refuses to have even plain lentil soup. In this scenario, which of the following acts as the conditioned stimulus? Select one: Flag question Question text Question text Flag question Question 30 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 d. For individuals with a fixed mindset, failure means lack of ability. a. People believe in learning rather than scoring well. b. To individuals with a fixed mindset, failure indicates what they still need to learn. c. People believe that their qualities can change and improve through their effort. In the context of psychological constraints, which of the following statements is true about a fixed mindset? Select one: Flag question Question 29 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 c. It was first conceptualized by Ivan Pavlov. d. It usually begins with reinforcement and ends with extinction. b. It often takes less time than operant conditioning. a. It focuses on automatic, involuntary behaviors. Which of the following is true of observational learning? Select one: Flag question Question text Question text Question text Which of the following scenarios best illustrates multitasking? Select one: Flag question Question 32 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 d. It involves mechanically repeating information, without imparting meaning to it. a. It involves the unconscious repetition of information. b. It can only be used to store verbal information for half a minute or less. c. It always results in distortion of memories. Which of the following is the main reason that hampers the use of rehearsal as a tool for retaining information over a long period of time? Select one: Flag question Question 31 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 b. Atkinson-Shiffrin theory c. interference theory d. serial position effect a. encoding specificity principle In the context of memory retrieval, the states that information present at the time of encrypting or learning tends to be effective as a retrieval cue. Select one: Flag question Question 33 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question 34 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question text Question text b. Children are highly affected by the language input they receive from their environments. c. Children learn the full rules and structure of languages by only imitating what they hear. a. Children learn language without an awareness of its underlying logic. According to American linguist Noam Chomsky, identify a true statement about language universals. Select one: d. It is determined by the amount of reinforcement or the ability to hear. c. It refers to the endless repetition of sounds and syllables. a. It usually begins when babies are 18–24 months old. b. It is unlikely to be determined by biological readiness. Which of the following statements is true of babbling? Select one: b. Lewis drawing a portrait using watercolors c. Emma playing her guitar while looking at the fret board d. Logan writing down his academic goals for the current semester a. James surfing the Web and texting while doing his homework Flag question Question 35 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question 36 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Question 37 Question text Question text d. musical intelligence. c. interpersonal intelligence. a. mathematical intelligence. b. spatial intelligence. According to Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences, a psychiatrist is most likely to score high on Select one: c. The representativeness heuristic d. Hindsight bias b. The availability heuristic a. Confirmation bias refers to a prediction about the probability of an event based on the ease of recalling or imagining similar events. Select one: d. Children all over the world reach language milestones at different times and in varying orders. Question text Question text Question 39 Correct b. People tend to make more losses than gains when making investments based on the suggestions of their peers. c. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. d. People tend to report falsely, after the fact, that they accurately predicted an outcome. a. People ascribe greater value to things they already own, compared to objects owned by someone else. In the context of loss aversion, which of the following statements is true of the endowment effect? Select one: Flag question Question 38 Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 b. software; hardware c. hardware; hard drive d. software; random-access memory (RAM) a. hardware; software An analogy is sometimes drawn between human cognition and the way computers work. The physical brain is analogous to a computer's , and cognition is analogous to a computer's . Select one: Correct 5.00 points out of 5.00 Flag question Question text Question text d. involves developing uniform procedures for administe