What organ does cystic fibrosis affect? - Affects the pancreas causing secretions into the lungs
What is Klinefelter syndrome? - An extra X chromosome for males so example XXY causing female-like qualities
What is
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What organ does cystic fibrosis affect? - Affects the pancreas causing secretions into the lungs
What is Klinefelter syndrome? - An extra X chromosome for males so example XXY causing female-like qualities
What is Turner Syndrome? - Females. missing or deformed x chromosome. right hemisphere dysfunction, hearing loss, ear infection, language and articulation disorders, visual spatial and attentional problems
What is beta thalassemia? - A condition in which the synthesis of the beta-globin chains is decreased or absent. Causes low hemoglobin.
Which medication is contraindicated in a patient with Beta Thalassemia? - Ferrous Sulfate
What drug is used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia). Directly toxic to lymphoid tissues Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) - for hormone receptor positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tomaxafin - reduces risk and recurrence risk) - Glucocorticoids
What is the normal ejection fraction? - 55-60%. Less than 50% is BAD
Is an ejection fraction of 50% reduced or preserved? - Preserved
What are symptoms of left sided heart failure? - Think PULMONARY. JVD, FVO, rails, S3 murmurs. Number one cause of right sided heart failure!
What are symptoms of right sided heart failure? - Think peripheral vascular. Lower extremity edema, abdominal distension.
What is the gold standard lab test for heart failure? - BNP. Heart failure is a result greater than 100
What heart disease is worse with exertion? - Ischemic heart disease because the demand requirements are higher.
What should you assess before giving Digoxin? - Apical pulse
How should Warfarin be started? - Start initial dose at half to monitor the effects
What causes the destruction of alveolar walls? a
What causes excess mucus production and smooth muscle hypertrophy? - Bronchitis
What is a chronic inflammatory obstruction of bronchi? - Asthma, Triggers cause mucus to clog bronchial tubes.
What causes an overbite and buffalo hump? - Endocrine disorder called acromegaly (overproduction of growth hormone)
What causes Addison's disease? - Decreased glucocorticoid (due to autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex)
What causes Cushing's syndrome? - excess cortisol
What causes Grave's disease? - overproduction of thyroid hormone. HYPERthyroidism.
When should you instruct the patient to take their FIRST dose of antihypertensive? - At night to avoid orthostatic hypotension. Educate slow position changes and lay down if needed.
What are side effects of ACE inhibitors? - dry cough
angioedema
hyperkalemia
*Contraindicated in pregnancy
Which type of antihypertensive should NOT be given to patients with Asthma? - Nonselective beta blocker (-lol) because both beta-2 receptors are effected
What is the first choice of calcium channel blocker? - Verapamil
What side effect should you watch for in a patient taking a statin drug? - Muscle pain which can lead to rhabdomyolysis, kidney failure, and death.
Which diuretic is NOT used in patients with kidney failure and sickle cell disease? - Thiazide diuretics
What type of drug is spironolactone? - potassium sparing diuretic
Which type of insulin is the most painful during injection? - Lantus (long-acting)
Why test glycosylated hemoglobin (HgbA1c)? - Most reliable assessment of blood sugar over the past 3 months. The goal is < 6.5%. A poor result is > 9%
What is the normal range for TSH level? - The normal range of TSH levels is 0.4 to 4.0 milli-international units per liter. If you're already being treated for a thyroid disorder
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