Abdominal Pathology Final Review Questions with Correct Answers

Abdominal Pathology Final Review Questions with Correct Answers pWhat feature helps distinguish cirrhosis from other hepatocellular diseases? A - Change in liver echgenicity B - Elevated LFTs C - Loss of smooth cont ...

Abdominal Pathology Final Review Questions with Correct Answers pWhat feature helps distinguish cirrhosis from other hepatocellular diseases? A - Change in liver echgenicity B - Elevated LFTs C - Loss of smooth contour D - Increased attenuation -Answer- C - Loss of smooth contour Focal fatty sparing is ____ to the surrounding liver tissue. -Answer- hypoechoic Screening for ultrasounds are often ordered for patients with hepatitis infection. What are we screening for? -Answer- HCC - Hepatocellular Carcinoma The WES sign can be visualized with... A - Chronic cholecystitis B - A GB filled with stones C - Porcelain GB D - All of the above -Answer- D - All of the above Starry Sky is seen with what two hepatocellular diseases? -Answer- Hepatitis and AIDS When imaging the liver in acute hepatitis infection, the size of the liver would be? - Answer- Enlarged If a patient complains of abnormal weight loss with normal appetite and no changes in diet/exercise you should be suspicious of - -Answer- Cancer The elevation of which lab value would make you suspicious of carcinoma over other liver pathologies? -Answer- AFP - Alpha feto protein The characteristic feature of this pathology is the creation of daughter cysts. -AnswerEchinoccocal Infection What pathology causes jaundice? A - Hepatocellular disease B - Biliary obstruction C - Portal Hypertension D - Carcinoma -Answer- B - Biliary obstruction This benign liver mass is composed of a network of blood-filled vascular spaces - - Answer- HemangiomaThe sign associated with dilated bile ducts is the - -Answer- Double-barreled shot gun A hydronic GB is - A - Full of pus B - Full of sludge C - enlarged D - A and C -Answer- C - Enlarged What is Mirizzi syndrome? -Answer- A stone obstructs the cystic duct causing inflammation os the common duct T/F Increased attenuation can be seen in the presence of chronic hepatitis -Answer- True T/F The most common cause of cirrhosis is genetics -Answer- False - alcohol abuse T/F Cirrhosis is not reversible -Answer- True T/F Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can also be called hepatoma -Answer- True T/F Hepatoma is the term for HCC in children -Answer- False - Hepatoblastoma T/F Hepatitis is the most common cause of portal hypertension -Answer- False - Cirrhosis What does TIPS stand for? -Answer- transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt T/F Sludge within the GB can mimic a tumor -Answer- True T/F The GB wall can be thickened for reasons other than cholecystitis -Answer- TrueT/F Another term for Cholesterolosis is blueberry GB -Answer- False - strawberry What is encephalopathy? -Answer- disease of the brain - high amounts of ammonia in blood (due to liver dx) that infiltrates the brain, making the patient act "crazy" In the case of gangrenous cholecystitis, why may the patient NOT have a positive Murphy's sign? -Answer- Nerve damage When/Why are collateral vessels formed? -Answer- They are formed when a patient has Portal Hypertension. They are formed near the aorta hepatis to relieve pressure on the portal veins. Name two clinical signs/symptoms of hepatocellular disease? -Answer- Abnormal LFTs and jaundice List of describe the stages of hepatocellular disease -Answer- Stage 1 - moderate and reversable Stage 2 - Chronic, non-reversible, edema/ascites Stage 3 - Severe, non-reversible, end-stage cirrhosis, THC The first branch of the abdominal AO is the... -Answer- Celiac trunk Which of the below is NOT a risk factor for AAA? A - Smoking B - Diabetes C - Female D - Hypertention E - All are risk factors -Answer- C - female The most common location for a AAA is - -Answer- Infrarenal Which of the following is NOT important to document when you find an aneurysm? A - Largest diameter both in AP and width B - Long measurement C - Distance from left atrium D - relationship to the renal arteries and bifurcation -Answer- C - Distance from left atrium The most common disease of the aorta is - -Answer- ArteriosclerosisName three symptoms of IVC thrombosis - -Answer- Leg edema Back pain Pelvic pain Budd-Chiari syndrome is characterized by - -Answer- Hepatic vein thrombosis Nonvisualization of the spleen could be due toA - Asplenia B - Wandering Spleen C - Atrophy D - All of the above -Answer- D - All of the above Polycythemia Vera is -Answer- A blood disorder resulting in uncontrolled RBC production and therefore hyper viscosity and hyper coagulation With Glycogen storage disease, on ultrasound the liver will appear - -AnswerHyperechoic and attenuating Which of the following is characteristic of Caroli's disease? A - Enlarged tongue, hemihypertophy, abdominal mass B - Dilated intrahepatic ducts C - Excess iron in the blood causing liver disease D - Mass within the common bile duct -Answer- B - Dilated intrahepatic ducts Which of the following statements it INCORRECT? A - the pancreas is retroperitoneal B - The pancreas lies in the C loop of the duodenum C - The CBD enters the panc head anteriorly D - The primary duct of the panc is the duct of Wirsung E - All are correct -Answer- C - The CBD enters the panc head anteriorly Pancreatic pseudocysts commonly form in patients with... -Answer- Pancreatitis T/F The rest of rupture of a AAA goes up significantly each 1cm bigger it gets. -AnswerTrue T/F Pseudoaneurysm can be caused by surgical procedures such as catheter. -AnswerTrueWandering spleen can be caused by (3 things) -Answer- Abdominal mass post pregnancy from loose ligaments congenital abnormalities T/F A treatment for hemochromatosis is bloodletting -Answer- True T/F Klatskin's tumor is a type of splenic mass -Answer- False - biliary T/F When amylase is 1.5X normal value, that is indicative of pancreatitis -Answer- False - 2x T/F Annular pancreas is when the pancreas has an abnormal shape and wraps itself around the duodenum -Answer- True T/F Focal pancreatitis can mimic a pancreatic mass -Answer- True Name 2 symptoms of a AAA -Answer- Abdominal pain back pain What does AVF stand for? -Answer- Arteriol venus fistula What does F.A.S.T stand for? -Answer- focused assessment with sonography for trauma What should be your first thought when you hear painless jaundice? Location? -AnswerPanc - adenocarcinoma Describe acute pancreatitis on US -Answer- Can look normal Enlarged hypo echoic compared to liver Describe chronic pancreatitis on US -Answer- Atrophic Nodular Heterogenous Presence of CalcificationsWhat normal variant is described as "indentation between the renal calyces giving the kidneys a lobulated appearance"? -Answer- Fetal lobulation A patient presents with elevated BUN and creatinine. Upon ultrasound, you see atrophic kidneys with increased echogenicity, What is the likely diagnosis? -Answer- Chronic kidney disease The most common organism to cause infection os the urinary tract is- -Answer- E.Coli A direct hernia is visualized ____ the the iliac artery and inferior epigastric artery. - Answer- Medial Renal cell carcinoma is also called A - Transitional cell carcinoma B - Renal adenocarcinoma C - Hypernephroma D - A and B E - B and C -Answer- E - B and C What kind of cyst can be difficult to differentiate from hydronephrosis? -AnswerParapelvic cyst Multicystic dysplastic kidney isA - Usually unilateral B - nonhereditary C - The most common form of cystic disease in neonates D - All of the above -Answer- D - All of the above The normal measurement of the appendix is less than... -Answer- AP is less than 6mm nephroblastoma -Answer- Most common kidney tumor in children The most common correctable cause of hypertension is - -Answer- Renal artery stenosis T/F The most common location for an ectopic kidney is in the chest -Answer- False - pelvis T/F Horseshoe kidney can be mistaken for an abdominal lymph node -Answer- True T/FAcute renal failure is potentially reversible -Answer- True T/F A patient must be NPO for 6 hours for a renal artery stenosis study -Answer- False - 12 hours T/F Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Disease causes multiple large cysts to be visualized throughout the kidneys -Answer- False - Dominant T/F Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Disease can lease to end stage renal disease -AnswerTrue T/F Patients in renal failure have an increased risk of renal cell carcinoma -Answer- True T/F The most common tumor affected the bladder is squamous cell carcinoma -AnswerFalse - TCC transitional cell carcinoma T/F An appendix with appendicitis is compressible -Answer- False - not compressible Match A - Addison's Disease B - Adrenogenital Syndrome C - Conn's Syndrome D - Cushing's Syndrome 1 - Excess secretion of aldosterone 2 - Decreased production of cortisol 3 - Excess secretion of cortisol 4 - Excess secretion of sex hormones -Answer- A - 2 B - 4 C - 1 D - 3 MatchA - Addison's Disease B - Adrenogenital Syndrome C - Conn's Syndrome D - Cushing's Syndrome 1 - Truncal obesity, pencil thin extremities, buffalo hump 2 - Ambiguous genatalia, masculinity in girls 3 - Muscle weakness, hypertension, abnormal EKG 4 - Sodium retention, edema, fatigue, muscle/bone weakness -Answer- A - 4 B - 2 C - 3 D - 1 3 possible symptoms of hydronephrosis -Answer- Flank pain hematuria N/V What are we looking for on US with Von Hippel-Lindau disease? -Answer- Abdominal cysts and renal tumors 2 qualities that make a renal mass suspicious for malignancy? -Answermicrocalcifications septations The most common thyroid abnormality is - -Answer- Nodules The junction of the ejaculatory duct with the urethra is called - -Answer- verumontanum The most common cause of scrotal pain in adults - -Answer- epididymo-orchitis The most common cause of scrotal pain in adolescents - -Answer- Torsion Which if the below in NOT TRUE about varicoceles? A - More common on the left B - Can be caused by hydronephrosis, abdominal mass, liver cirrhosis or can be idiopathic C - Can cause infertility D - All of the above are true -Answer- D - All of the above are true Who are more likely to develop testicular cancers? A - Black males B - Patients with undescended testes C - Adolescents D - Patients with Epi cysts -Answer- B - Patients with undescended testesT/F A general enlargement of the thyroid is called a goiter -Answer- True T/F In torsion cases, arterial flow is usually affected first. -Answer- False - Venous T/F Chronic thyroiditis is termed Hashimoto's Disease -Answer- True