Friedberg, Insel, and Spence
Linear algebra, 4th ed.
SOLUTIONS REFERENCE
Preface
The aim of this document is to serve as a reference of problems and solutions from the fourth edition
of “Linear Algebra” by Friedbe
...
Friedberg, Insel, and Spence
Linear algebra, 4th ed.
SOLUTIONS REFERENCE
Preface
The aim of this document is to serve as a reference of problems and solutions from the fourth edition
of “Linear Algebra” by Friedberg, Insel and Spence. Originally, I had intended the document to
be used only by a student who was well-acquainted with linear algebra. However, as the document
evolved, I found myself including an increasing number of problems. Therefore, I believe the
document should be quite comprehensive once it is complete.
I do these problems because I am interested in mathematics and consider this kind of thing to be
fun. I give no guarantee that any of my solutions are the “best” way to approach the corresponding
problems. If you find any errors (regardless of subtlety) in the document, or you have different
or more elegant ways to approach something, then I urge you to contact me at the e-mail address
supplied above.
This document was started on July 4, 2010. By the end of August, I expect to have covered up to
the end of Chapter 5, which corresponds to the end of MATH 146, “Linear Algebra 1 (Advanced
Level)” at the University of Waterloo. This document is currently a work in progress.
1
Contents
1 Vector Spaces 3
1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Vector Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Subspaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Linear Combinations and Systems of Linear Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1.5 Linear Dependence and Linear Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.6 Bases and Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1.7 Maximal Linearly Independent Subsets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2 Linear Transformations and Matrices 30
2.1 Linear Transformations, Null spaces, and Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.2 The Matrix Representation of a Linear Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.3 Composition of Linear Transformations and Matrix Multiplication . . . . . . . . . . 36
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