30. Totonac
Examine the classes of voiced versus voiceless vowels in Totonac, a Totonacan language spoken
in Mexico. Are voiced and voiceless vowels in Totonac in contrast, in free variation, or in
complementary varia
...
30. Totonac
Examine the classes of voiced versus voiceless vowels in Totonac, a Totonacan language spoken
in Mexico. Are voiced and voiceless vowels in Totonac in contrast, in free variation, or in
complementary variation? If the sounds are in complementary distribution, pick a sound as the
basic sound, and give the phonetic contexts for its allophones.
a. [tsapsḁ] “He stacks” g. [snapapḁ] “white”
b. [tsilinksḁ] “It resounded” h. [stapu̥] “beans”
c. [kasitti̥] “Cut it” i. [ʃumpi̥] “porcupine”
d. [kuku̥] “Uncle” j. [taːqhu̥] “you plunged"
e. [ɫkakḁ] “Peppery” k. [tihaʃɫi̥] “he rested”
f. [miki̥] “Snow” l. [tukʃɫi̥] “it broke”
The voiced vowels [a], [i] and, [u] ,and the voiceless vowels [ḁ], [i̥], and [u̥], are apart of
complementary distribution. They are complementary distribution because the sounds do not
occur in the same environment.
/i, u, a/ → [i̥, u̥, ḁ] / C_
→ [i, u, a] anywhere else
The basic sounds are [a], [i]. and [u], as it can occur anywhere within a word.
The voiceless vowels [ḁ], [u̥], and [i̥] have the phonetic context of only occurring after voiceless
consonants.
32. Examine the following data from Spanish and answer the questions that follow.
a. [beβer] “to drink”
b. [laβar] “to wash”
c. [buskar] “to seek”
d. [suβtitulo] “subtitle”
e. [ambɾe] “hunger”
f. [aβɾasar] “to hug”
g. [aβlar] “to talk”
h. [blusa] “blouse”
i. [oβliɣaðo] “obligated”
j. [ambos] “both”
k. [gloɾia] “glory”
l. [reɣalar] “to present”
m. [gɾaβar] “to engrave”
n. [reɣla] “rule”
o. [teŋgo] “I have”
p. [iɣlesia] “church”
q. [aɣɾio] “sour”
r. [tiɣɾe] “tiger”
s. [saŋgɾe] “blood”
t. [gama] “range”
u. [goβeɾnar] “to govern”
[Show More]