HyGuru: USMLE Step 1 High-Yield Cram Deck

HyGuru: USMLE Step 1 High-Yield Cram Deck Buzzword review - ✔✔Compiled from various resources Pt from Mexico with fever and dark urine and characteristic 2000 ALT and 900 AST. What will pathology show? - ✔✔Viral hepa ...

HyGuru: USMLE Step 1 High-Yield Cram Deck Buzzword review - ✔✔Compiled from various resources Pt from Mexico with fever and dark urine and characteristic 2000 ALT and 900 AST. What will pathology show? - ✔✔Viral hepatitis Acidophilic bodies Councilman bodies Essentially a ballooning and dying hepatocyte Endotoxins, G(+) or G(-) - ✔✔Gram (-): N. meningitidis Autosomal Recessive Diseases - ✔✔Tay-Sachs\nGaucher's\nNiemannPick\nCori's\nMcArdle's\nGalactosemia\nPKU\nAlcaptonuria Ecthyma Gangrenosum, seen w/ - ✔✔Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Target shaped skin lesions w/ a black center and red ring surrounding the lesion Mobitz I (Second degree AV block type 1) - ✔✔Usually due to inferior MI. Rarely goes into 3rd degree block. Progressively prolonged PR intervals and then a dropped QRS.\n\nTxt w/ Atropine or Isoproterenol. Endospores G(+) - ✔✔Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium - made up of dipicolinate & Keratin X Linked Recessive Diseases - ✔✔Hunter's Syndrome (L-Iduronosulfate Sulfatase deficincy, increased Heparan/Dermatan Sulfate)\nFabry's Disease (alpha Galactosidase A deficiency, increased Ceremide Trihexoside) \nClassic Hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency, F8 Gene on X chromosome is bad, increased Ceremide Trihexoside)\nLisch-Nyhan Syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, increased Uric acid)\nG6Phosphatase deficiency (G6PDH deficiency, increased Ceremide trihexoside)\nDuchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (Dystrophin deficinecy, increased Ceremide Trihexoside) Multi Brain Abscess - ✔✔Nocardia Epinephrine\nName its receptors - ✔✔alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2 Single Brain Abscess - ✔✔Actinomyces israelli Hypersensitivity Reactions\n"ACID" - ✔✔Type I (Anaphylactic): IgE mediated. Exs: Hay Fever; Allergic asthma; Hives\nType II (Cytotoxic): Warm Ab autoimmune hemolytic anemia; hemolytic transfusion reactions; Erythroblastosis Fetalis; Grave's Disease; Goodpastures\nType III (Immune Complex): Insoluble complement bound aggregates of Ag-Ab complexes. Exs: Serum sickness; Arthus Reaction; Polyarteritis Nodosa; SLE; Immune Complex Mediated Glomerular Disease\nType IV (Delayed = Cell mediated immunity): Delayed hypersensitivity. Involves memory cells. Exs: Tuberculin reaction; Contact dermatitis; Tumor cell killing; Virally infected cell killing ↑ risk for Strep pneum Infection - ✔✔Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising illness Mobitz II (second degree AV block type 2) - ✔✔BBB association. Often goes to 3rd degree AV block. Usually due to anterior MI.\n\nP wave is not always followed by a QRS. α Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive - ✔✔Strep. Pneumoniae Transplant Rejections - ✔✔Hyperacute Rejection = occurs w/in minutes of transplant. Ab mediated.\nAcute Rejection = occurs w/in days to months of transplant. Lymphocytes & macrophages. Only rejection type that can be treated w/ therapy. \nChronic Rejection = occurs months to years of transplant. Ab mediates vascular damage. α Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant - ✔✔Strep. Viridans (Subacute Endocarditis) Addison's Disease - ✔✔Primary adrenocortical deficiency Staph. Saprophyticus - ✔✔Novobiocin Resistant (UTIs) Blood Metastasis - ✔✔Sarcoma, exception - renal cell CA: early venous invasion Staph. Epidermidis - ✔✔Novobiocin sensitive (Endocarditis in IVDUs) P wave - ✔✔Atrial depol. β Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive - ✔✔Strep. Pyogenes (pharyngitis; Scarlet fever; cellulitis; impetigo; Rheumatic fever)) \nHyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A Lymph Metastasis - ✔✔Carcinoma, exception - renal cell CA: early venous invasion β Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant - ✔✔Strep. Agalactiae (Diabetes predisposes to infection) Norepinephrine\nName its receptors - ✔✔alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1 (no beta-2 activity) EFII Ribosylation - ✔✔Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A Aflatoxin - ✔✔Seen w/ Aspergillus.Increased risk for Hepatocellular CA Bacillus Anthracis: 3 toxins\n(work via adenylate cyclase) - ✔✔Protective Antigen (PA)\nLethal Factor = toxic to macrophages\nEdema Factor = ↑ cAMP a wave - ✔✔LA contraction Woolsorter's Disease - ✔✔Bacillus