HyGuru: USMLE Step 1 High-Yield Cram
Deck
Buzzword review - ✔✔Compiled from various resources
Pt from Mexico with fever and dark urine and characteristic 2000 ALT and 900 AST. What will
pathology show? - ✔✔Viral hepa
...
HyGuru: USMLE Step 1 High-Yield Cram
Deck
Buzzword review - ✔✔Compiled from various resources
Pt from Mexico with fever and dark urine and characteristic 2000 ALT and 900 AST. What will
pathology show? - ✔✔Viral hepatitis
Acidophilic bodies Councilman bodies
Essentially a ballooning and dying hepatocyte
Endotoxins, G(+) or G(-) - ✔✔Gram (-): N. meningitidis
Autosomal Recessive Diseases - ✔✔Tay-Sachs\nGaucher's\nNiemannPick\nCori's\nMcArdle's\nGalactosemia\nPKU\nAlcaptonuria
Ecthyma Gangrenosum, seen w/ - ✔✔Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Target shaped skin lesions w/ a
black center and red ring surrounding the lesion
Mobitz I (Second degree AV block type 1) - ✔✔Usually due to inferior MI. Rarely goes into 3rd
degree block. Progressively prolonged PR intervals and then a dropped QRS.\n\nTxt w/ Atropine
or Isoproterenol.
Endospores G(+) - ✔✔Gram (+): Bacillus & Clostridium - made up of dipicolinate & Keratin
X Linked Recessive Diseases - ✔✔Hunter's Syndrome (L-Iduronosulfate Sulfatase deficincy,
increased Heparan/Dermatan Sulfate)\nFabry's Disease (alpha Galactosidase A deficiency,
increased Ceremide Trihexoside) \nClassic Hemophilia A (Factor VIII deficiency, F8 Gene on X
chromosome is bad, increased Ceremide Trihexoside)\nLisch-Nyhan Syndrome (HGPRT
deficiency, increased Uric acid)\nG6Phosphatase deficiency (G6PDH deficiency, increased
Ceremide trihexoside)\nDuchenne's Muscular Dystrophy (Dystrophin deficinecy, increased
Ceremide Trihexoside)
Multi Brain Abscess - ✔✔Nocardia
Epinephrine\nName its receptors - ✔✔alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2
Single Brain Abscess - ✔✔Actinomyces israelli
Hypersensitivity Reactions\n"ACID" - ✔✔Type I (Anaphylactic): IgE mediated. Exs: Hay
Fever; Allergic asthma; Hives\nType II (Cytotoxic): Warm Ab autoimmune hemolytic anemia;
hemolytic transfusion reactions; Erythroblastosis Fetalis; Grave's Disease; Goodpastures\nType
III (Immune Complex): Insoluble complement bound aggregates of Ag-Ab complexes. Exs:
Serum sickness; Arthus Reaction; Polyarteritis Nodosa; SLE; Immune Complex Mediated
Glomerular Disease\nType IV (Delayed = Cell mediated immunity): Delayed hypersensitivity.
Involves memory cells. Exs: Tuberculin reaction; Contact dermatitis; Tumor cell killing; Virally
infected cell killing
↑ risk for Strep pneum Infection - ✔✔Asplenic; Sickle cell anemia; immunocompromising
illness
Mobitz II (second degree AV block type 2) - ✔✔BBB association. Often goes to 3rd degree AV
block. Usually due to anterior MI.\n\nP wave is not always followed by a QRS.
α Hemolysis/Optochin Sensitive - ✔✔Strep. Pneumoniae
Transplant Rejections - ✔✔Hyperacute Rejection = occurs w/in minutes of transplant. Ab
mediated.\nAcute Rejection = occurs w/in days to months of transplant. Lymphocytes &
macrophages. Only rejection type that can be treated w/ therapy. \nChronic Rejection = occurs
months to years of transplant. Ab mediates vascular damage.
α Hemolysis/Optochin Resistant - ✔✔Strep. Viridans (Subacute Endocarditis)
Addison's Disease - ✔✔Primary adrenocortical deficiency
Staph. Saprophyticus - ✔✔Novobiocin Resistant (UTIs)
Blood Metastasis - ✔✔Sarcoma, exception - renal cell CA: early venous invasion
Staph. Epidermidis - ✔✔Novobiocin sensitive (Endocarditis in IVDUs)
P wave - ✔✔Atrial depol.
β Hemolysis/Bacitracin Sensitive - ✔✔Strep. Pyogenes (pharyngitis; Scarlet fever; cellulitis;
impetigo; Rheumatic fever)) \nHyaluronic capsule; non-motile; M proteins; Endotoxin A
Lymph Metastasis - ✔✔Carcinoma, exception - renal cell CA: early venous invasion
β Hemolysis/Bacitracin Resistant - ✔✔Strep. Agalactiae (Diabetes predisposes to infection)
Norepinephrine\nName its receptors - ✔✔alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1 (no beta-2 activity)
EFII Ribosylation - ✔✔Diphtheria toxin & Pseudomonas exotoxon A
Aflatoxin - ✔✔Seen w/ Aspergillus.Increased risk for Hepatocellular CA
Bacillus Anthracis: 3 toxins\n(work via adenylate cyclase) - ✔✔Protective Antigen (PA)\nLethal
Factor = toxic to macrophages\nEdema Factor = ↑ cAMP
a wave - ✔✔LA contraction
Woolsorter's Disease - ✔✔Bacillus
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