EKG rhythms questions and answers
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Normal Sinus Rhythm ✔✔60-100 bpm
all complexes normal and evenly spaced (P, QRS, T)
Sinus Arrest ✔✔- SA node doesn't fire
- notice absence of P-wave for a complete cy
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EKG rhythms questions and answers
already passed
Normal Sinus Rhythm ✔✔60-100 bpm
all complexes normal and evenly spaced (P, QRS, T)
Sinus Arrest ✔✔- SA node doesn't fire
- notice absence of P-wave for a complete cycle (a missed cycle)
Sinus arrhythmia ✔✔all complexes normal but rhythmically irreg
- normal finding (esp in young pts) that has to do with breathing (rate: inhale-increase, exhaledecrease)
Sinus Bradycardia ✔✔<60
normal sinus rhythm
Sinus Tachycardia ✔✔>100 (100-150)
normal sinus rhythm
Wandering atrial pacemaker ✔✔Hint: try never to pick this
- impulse originate from varying points in atria
- variation in P wave contour, PR-I, PP-I and thus RR-I
P wave vs T wave ✔✔P generally smaller than T
MAT (multifocal atrial tachy) ✔✔- impulse originates at diff places in atria so P waves diff and
intervals might not be consistent
- assoc w/ severe pulm dz
Atrial Fibrillation ✔✔A: 350-450 (atria quivering)
- irreg-irreg rhythm (R-RI=irreg)
**unsure/no P-wave (non-distinguishable)**
- irreg rhythm BUT reg QRS!
Danger: increase the risk of thromboemoblic events don't convert unless occurring less than 48
hrs, if don't know pt need to be put on thrombolytics)
Atrial Flutter ✔✔A: 250-350
- "saw tooth" p-waves
- a continuous rapid sequence of atrial complexes from a single rapid-firing atrial focus
(hint: if see 2 P waves and QRS think A Flutter)
Junctional Escape beats ✔✔retrograde atrial depolarization
P' is inverted
Junctional rhythm ✔✔40-60 Regular!
-impulse from AV node w/ retro/antegrade transmission
- P wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
- slow rate
- narrow QRS (not wide like ventricular)
Junctional Tachycardia ✔✔>60 bpm (ms. K; 150-250)
- KEY: will be regular (consistent)
- AV junction produces a rapid sequence of QRS-T cycles
- p-wave often inverted/buried/follow QRS
Premature junctional contractions (PJC) ✔✔- premature slightly widened QRS
- +/- inverted P', before or after QRS, sometimes disappears w/in QRS
Premature atrial contractions (PAC's) ✔✔- originates suddenly in irritable atrial foci
- P' is earlier than expected and diff shape than P (often have a pause following PAC)
- can occur in Bigeminy, Trigeminy, Quadgeminy pattern
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
aka
Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) ✔✔150-250 "sudden rapid heart rate"
- an irritable atrial focus discharging
- very fast and EVEN!
- +/- inverted P waves
- P often overlaps prior T wave
First-degree AV block ✔✔- PRI >5 b
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