HESI CHEMISTRY V1/V2 Completed A 2022/2023

HESI CHEMISTRY V1/V2 1. If Hydrogen is in a compound, what would its oxidation number be? +1 2. What is the oxidation number of any simple ion? The same as the charge of the ion 3. How many kilograms are in a pound? ...

HESI CHEMISTRY V1/V2 1. If Hydrogen is in a compound, what would its oxidation number be? +1 2. What is the oxidation number of any simple ion? The same as the charge of the ion 3. How many kilograms are in a pound? 0.453592 kg 4. What is the temperature for freezing point of water in Celsius? 0 degrees Celsius (32°F for Fahrenheit) 5. What is the conversion of Celsius to Fahrenheit? 5F=9C+160 (remember 5F because you have 5 fingers on a hand & 9C because cats have 9 lives) 6. What is the oxidation number of an element atom? 0 7. What is the freezing point of sea water in Fahrenheit? Below 0C (pick and answer choice around -2C, actual temp depends on how much salt is in the water) 8. How many amino acids are in a dipeptide? 2 9. If Oxygen is in a compound, what would its oxidation number be? -2 10. Which of the following pH values would lemon juice likely have? 2 because the lower the pH value, the more acidic 11. What is a pentose? A 5 carbon sugar (Pent = 5) (ose = sugar) 12. What is the oxidation state of the Sulfur atom in Sulfuric Acid H2SO4? 6 (each H is +1, each O is -2. All charges have to add to 0. 2+S-8=0, so S=6) 13. How many neutrons does carbon 14 have? 8 ( mass# - atomics # = neutrons) 14 - 6 = 8 14. How many protons does Potassium have? 19 (same as the atomic number) 15. How many amino acids are essential for human life? 20 amino acids 16. Normal body temperature in °C? 37°C 17. Normal body temperature in °F? 98.6°F 18. Boiling point of water in °C? 100°C 19. Boiling point of water in °F?212°F 20. 0°K is equal to ___°C? -273°C 21. The term Amphoteric means? A substance that can act as both a base & acid 22. What is Kelvin based around? Absolute zero 23. A compound that is a Hydrogen or proton donor, corrosive to metals, causes blue litmus paper to become red and becomes less acidic when mixed with a base is? Acid 24. Mixture of 2 or more metals are? Alloys 25. Acids:  pH less than 7.0  sour/tart  Formulas begin with H (Hydrogen)  Proton Donor 26. 3 types of radiation in nuclear chemistry? Alpha, Beta & Gamma 27. Alpha radiation:  * Emission of Helium (He) ions in the nuclei  * Contains 2 protons & 2 neutrons.  * +2 Charge  * Largest radiation particle.  * Can be stopped by piece of paper 28. Type of Alloy in which another metal is dissolved in Mercury (Hg)? Amalgam 29. Proteins are made up of? Amino Acids 30. Glycogen is what kind of starch? Animal Starch 31. When an atom GAINS ONE or more electrons? Anions (negative ion) 32. Basic building block of a molecule? Atom 33. Atomic mass?Average mass of an elements isotope 34. Atomic #: # of protons in nucleus of an atom 35. Base?  A Hydrogen or proton ACCEPTOR & has hydroxide group in the makeup of the molecule  Produce -OH  Bitter, slippery, conduct electricity, formulas contain -OH  pH value greater than 7.0  Proton acceptor 36. Key note: Acids are Proton donors and Bases are proton acceptors 37. Beta radiation:  Decomposition product of a proton or neutron  High speed/energy Electrons  EITHER - charged electrons or + charged positrons  Can be stopped by aluminum foil 38. What is Biochemistry? Study of substances & processes occurring in living things 39. Fahrenheit is based off of? Body temperature 40. How does ↑ Surface area speed up chemical reactions? By ↑ areas of contact where chemical reactions can occur 41. How do catalyst accelerate a chemical reaction? By reducing the amount of energy needed for a reaction to occur A catalyst is a substance that accelerates a reaction by which of the following? - Finding an alternative pathway for a reaction that requires less energy. 42. What does COOH symbolize? A Carboxyl group 43. Which of the following is not a solution type? Catalyst 44. Define Catalyst. Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction. 45. What is an atom called when it LOSES 1 or more electrons?Cations (positive ions) 46. What is chemical bonding? The joining of atoms to form new substances. 2 types: ionic & covalent bonding 47. What is an Ionic bond?  Electrical attraction between 2 oppositely charged atoms called ions  (between metals & nonmetals) 48. Ionic bonding? Chemical bond that’s formed when an atom transfers an electron to another atom. (steals) 49. Single Covalent bond?  Chemical bond that shares 1 electron pair  Formed by non-metals  Sharing is caring! Caring is covalent! 50. What are chemical reactions? Making & breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in composition of matter 51. Double Covalent bond? When 2 electron pairs are shared 52. Triple Covalent bond? When 3 electron pairs are shared 53. The following is an example of? Combustion reaction (in combustion, O2 is always a reactant, CO2 and H2O are always products the second reactant is the compound being combusted) 2C2H6 (g) + 7O2 (g)  4CO2(g) + 6H2O 54. What is a combustion reaction? A chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with Oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat & light (also releases carbon dioxide & water) 55. What is a compound?  Combination of 2 or more elements or atoms.  Made up of atoms of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds 56. Different types of solutions? Compounds, Alloys, Amalgams, Emulsions 57. Strongest type of chemical bond? Covalent 58. What is a decomposition reaction? A SINGLE compound breaks down to form 2 or more simpler substances 59. What is Deoxyribose? A sugar used in the formation of DNA 60. Attractions between opposite charges of polar moles? Dipole-dipole forces 61. What is a Disaccharide?A double sugar molecule made of 2 monosaccharides bonded together through dehydration synthesis. 62. When 2 monosaccharides are joined together this makes? Disaccharide 63. Type of chemical bond that share 2 electron pairs? Double covalent bond 64. Example of double replacement? AB + CD = AD + CB (swapping dance partners) 65. Example of Single replacement? A + BC  B + AC (one dancer cutting in on two partners) 66. Group of electrons revolving around the nucleus of an atom, or known as a cloudlike group of electrons? Electron clouds 67. Mixtures of matter that readily separate such as water and oil? Emulsion 68. 3 common temperature systems? Fahrenheit, Celsius, Kelvin 69. Celsius is based around? Freezing & boiling point of water 70. What is oxidation? Loss of electrons (OIL: oxidation is losing) 71. What is reduction? GAIN of electrons (RIG: reduction is gaining) 72. Gamma radiation:  Similar to xrays  Can be stopped by several feet of concrete or several inches of Lead  High energy electromagnetic radiation lacking charge and mass 73. Unit measure of weight? Gram 74. Basic units of METRIC system? Gram, Liter, Meter 75. What are Hydrogen bonds? Weak attraction between a hydrogen atom in one molecule & another atom in a different molecule. 76. Examples of intermolecular forces? Hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole, dispersion forces (attractions between two different molecules. Intramolecular bonds are ionic & covalent bonds within a single molecule) 77. 4 basic ways to speed up a reaction? ↑ temperature, ↑ Surface area, ↑ catalyst & ↑concentration 78. What are intermolecular forces?Forces of attractions between molecules 79. Where are nucleic acids, DNA & RNA found? Cell nucleus 80. Atoms of the same element but have different numbers of neutrons? Isotope 81. Gluconeogenesis is a process that produces? Glucose from proteins and fats rather than carbohydrates 82. A way to express concentration of atoms? Molarity 83. Part of the nucleus of an atom that has no charge? Neutron 84. What is the Molarity Formula? 85. Single sugar molecules? Monosaccharides 86. How does ↑ concentration cause reaction acceleration? More potential for contact (chemical reaction) 87. Which is an example of a ionic bond? NaCl (Sodium Chloride) because it contains a metal and a non-metal (metal is always first) 88. In a covalent bond compound, if the electrons are shared equally, then the bond is? Non-polar (water hating, equal) 89. The study of changes that occur in atomic nuclei? Nuclear Chemistry 90. Polar Covalent bond? Unequal sharing of electrons (water loving) 91. When 3-6 monosaccharides join together this is called? Oligosaccharide (7 or more: polysaccharide. Sometimes 3 or more is called a polysaccharide) 92. Emission of particles or energy from an unstable nucleus? Radioactivity 93. Particles that are emitted during radioactivity? Radiation 94. Reactant is? A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction. Reactant  Product 95. A substance that is dissolved in a solution? Solute (the liquid it is dissolved in is the solvent. In salt water, salt is the solute & water is the solvent) 96. A homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances?Solution 97. Liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances? Solvent 98. Define stoichiometry. Calculation of quantities in chemical reactions 99. Combining parts into a whole is? Or synthesis is?  Synthesis  Chemical reaction in which 2 elements or simpler compounds combine to form a product 100. How many electrons does an Oxygen ion have? 10 (Atomic # of 8 & is in group VIA which has a -2 charge, which means it has 2 more electrons than the 8 protons) 101. What is the charge of Potassium (K) in KCl? +1 because K is found in group IA 102. What is the mass of 1 mole of CO2? 44g/mol (C =12.011 + (15.999 x 2) = answer. You will be given the masses of the individual elements) 103. How many moles of atoms are present in 2 moles of O2? 4 (2 atoms in each molecule x 2 moles = 4 moles) 104. What characterizes a chemical reaction as combustion? The chemical reaction that is the reaction of a compound with Oxygen?  O2 is a reactant, CO2 and H2O are products  Combustion 105. Sum of oxidation # =? Charge on polyatomic ion 106. Increasing the __ causes the particles to have greater kinetic energy, allowing them to move faster and have a greater chance of reacting. Temperature 107. To balance an equation, what is placed in front of each component? Coefficient 108. Dispersions forces are found in which covalent bond? All (polar and non-polar) 109. The weakest of all intermolecular forces? Dispersion forces 110. A Dipole attraction is a __ intermolecular force? Weak 111. What is created when an electron pair in a covalent bond is shared unequally? Dipole 112. The attractions of one dipole to another is? Dipole interactions113. Strongest bond of intermolecular forces? Hydrogen bond (but weaker than ionic and covalent, which are intramolecular bonds) 114. Elements Flourine (F), Chlorine (Cl ), Oxygen (O) and Nitrogen (N) are involved in which bond? Hydrogen bond 115. Polarity is? Based on the difference in electronegativity values for the elements involved 116. What reactions take place in the nucleus to obtain stable nuclear configurations? Nuclear reactions 117. Mass # - Atomic # = # Neutrons in an element 118. Protons + Neutrons = Mass # 119. # of Protons in an element = Atomic # 120. Neutral subatomic particles = Neutrons 121. – charge subatomic particles = electrons 122. + charge subatomic particles = Protons 123. Charge of noble gases? 0 124. Group IA = +1 Charge 125. Group IIA = +2 Charge 126. Group IIIA = +3 Charge 127. Group VA = -3 Charge 128. Group VIA = -2 Charge 129. Group VIIA = -1 Charge 130. Rows on periodic table: Period (Horizontal Left/right) (remember: “R” and “P” look very similar) 131. Columns of periodic table: Group (Vertical up/down) (remember: “C” and “G” look very similar) 132. How elements are arranged on the periodic table? By their chemical properties 133. Matter that has definite shape & volume? Solid 134. Matter that changes in volume with changes in temperature & pressure? Gas 135. Which change of matter is when no change is made to the chemical composition of a substance? Physical (if the chemical composition changes, it’s a chemical change. Boiling water is physical because it’s H2O before and after. Changing H2O to H2 and O2 is a chemical change) 136. Simplest substance and is represented by a letter or letters? Element137. Law that states matter can neither be created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction (but it can change forms)? Law of conservation of mass 138. Law that states energy can neither be created nor destroyed (but it can change forms)? Law of conservation of energy 1-H 2-HE 3- LI 4- BE 5 B 6- C N 7 0 8 F9 NE 10 11- NA 12- Mg 13- AL 14-SI 15-P 16-S 17-Cl 18-Ar K- 19 CA- 20