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NSG 201 Exam 1

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Theory Based Perspectives and Contemporary Nursing Discuss the four concepts that provide the foundation for nursing theories. • Nursing metaparadigm o Person ▪ Recipient of care (patient, client, community, etc) ▪ Has unique attributes(ex: gender, lifestyle) ▪ Many dimensions (physiological, spiritual, etc.) o Environment ▪ Concept in which health relationships take place ▪ Can’t be separated from person • Will affect person positively or negatively o Health ▪ Multidimensional (physical, mental,social, etc.) ▪ Disease focused healthcare model health promotion & disease promotion o Nursing ▪ Knowledge & care ▪ Knowledge – representsscience of nursing ▪ Care – represents the art of nursing Discuss using theory to understand professional practice • Nursing theories provide the principles that underpin practice and help to generate further nursing knowledge. Caring & communication theories • Jean Watson – Caring Theory o Based on caring, with nurses dedicated to health and healing o 10 carative factors o Transpersonal caring relationship • Madeline Leininger – Cultural care Theory o Describes importance of culture in health care o Client centered care • Erikson’s Developmental Theory - helps us understand human personal development o As individuals mature, they face a series of psychosocial crises that shape their personality and includes 8 stages ▪ Trust vs. mistrust hope ▪ Autonomy vs. Shame & doubt Will ▪ Initiative vs. Guilt Purpose ▪ Industry vs. Inferiority Competence ▪ Identity vs role confusion Fidelity ▪ Intimacy vs isolation Love ▪ Generativity vs. Stagnation Care 3 ▪ Ego Integrity vs. Despair wisdom • Maslows Hierachy of needs o Nurses use to prioritize clients needs & develop relevant nursing approaches o 5 Levels (from bottom to top) ▪ Physiological (breathing, food, water, etc) ▪ Safety (security) ▪ Love/Belonging (friendship, family,sexual intimacy) ▪ Esteem (Self-esteem, confidence, respect) ▪ Self-actualization (morality, creativity, problem solving, etc) • Communication Theory o Helps patients: ▪ make sense of theirsituation/health status ▪ assist them in learning ▪ Provide therapeutic support o Intrapersonal vsInterpersonal ▪ Intrapersonal = inner thoughts & beliefs,self-talk ▪ Interpersonal = actual transmission & reception of communication • Outcomesrelate to higher ptsatisfaction & productive health changes ▪ Verbal & nonverbal communication can convey messages o 3 Models ▪ Linear Model (simplest form) • Sender receiver, no circular transaction of info • Doesn’t consider the development of co-created meanings • Ex: emergency situation ▪ Transactional Model • Circular communication,sender & receiver influence each other • Constructs mental pic of each other during convo • Can be symetrical (equal roles) or complementary (one personal holding higher position) • OUTCOME: co-created set of collaborative meanings developed during convo • Systems concepts ▪ Therapeutic Model Describe how nurses can help patients at each level of Maslow’s Hierarchy. • 5 Levels (from bottom to top). o Physiological (breathing, food, water, etc) ▪ Nursing consideration: Circulation, food, intake/output, physical comfort, rest o Safety (security) ▪ Nursing Consideration: Domestic abuse, fear, anxiety, environmental hazard, housing

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