AP/ADMS 4504 M&N
Fixed Income Securities and Risk Management Final Exam Solutions
Winter 2022
All of the questions in this exam are independent. Question 1 (21 marks)
(a) Use the following daily yield observations
...
AP/ADMS 4504 M&N
Fixed Income Securities and Risk Management Final Exam Solutions
Winter 2022
All of the questions in this exam are independent. Question 1 (21 marks)
(a) Use the following daily yield observations to calculate a daily standard deviation of yields. The daily yield changes are assumed to be continuously compounded. Then construct a 4-day moving-average equal weight volatility forecast for Day 5, assuming that the average daily yield change is zero. Please do not annualize your volatility estimates. (7 marks)
Day Yield (%)
0 6.8112
1 6.7881
2 6.8203
3 6.8066
4 6.8122
5 6.8216
Answer
X 100[ln(6.7881%)] 0.3397, X
1 6.8112% 2
X 100[ln(6.8066%)] 0.2011, X
100[ln(6.8203%)] 0.4732,
6.7881%
100[ln(6.8122%)] 0.0822,
3 6.8203% 4 6.8066%
and X 5
100[ln(6.8216%)] 0.1379. X 0.0305.
6.8122%
(0.3397 0.0305)2 (0.4732 0.0305)2 (0.2011 0.0305)2
Variance
(5 1)
(0.0822 0.0305)2 (0.1379 0.0305)2
(5 1)
0.1002 percentages squared, standard deviation
0.3166%.
For Day 5, the 4-day moving-average uses the yield changes on Days 2, 3, 4, and 5. Assuming a zero average daily yield change, i.e., , the moving- average daily variance on Day 5 is computed as (in percentages squared):
0.47322 (0.2011)2 0.08222 0.13792
4 1
0.096711.
The daily standard deviation on Day 5 is: 31.0984%.
(b) Assume normally distributed yield changes. The daily standard deviation of yields is 1.5179%. With a probability of 95%, the range for future annual yields is [3.12%; 8.88%]. What is the 68.3% confidence interval of future annual yields? There are 250 trading days in a year. (5 marks)
Answer
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