NSG5003 Week 4 Study guide, All Exam Questions & Answers

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NSG5003 Week 4 Study guide, All Exam Questions & Answers-1. What is the cause of polycythemia in the fetus? a. Fetal hemoglobin has a greater affinity for oxygen as a result of diphosphoglycerate (DP... G). b. The fetus has a different hemoglobin structure of two - and two -chains rather than two -and two -chains. c. Increased erythropoiesis occurs in response to the hypoxic intrauterine environment. d. The lungs of the fetus are undeveloped and unable to diffuse oxygen adequately to the pulmonary capillaries. 2. Why does fetal hemoglobin have a greater affinity for oxygen than adult hemoglobin? a. The fetus does not have its own oxygen supply and must rely on oxygen from the maternal vascular system. b. The fetus has two -chains on the hemoglobin, rather than two -chains as in the adult. c. Fetal hemoglobin interacts less readily with diphosphoglycerate (DPG), which inhibits hemoglobin-oxygen binding. 3. Which blood cell type is elevated at birth but decreases to adult levels during the first year of life? a. Monocytes c. Neutrophils b. Platelets d. Lymphocytes 4. In a full-term infant, the normal erythrocyte life span is days, whereas the adult erythrocyte life span is days. a. 30 to 50; 80 c. 90 to 110; 140 b. 60 to 80; 120 d. 120 to 130; 150 5. What is the most common cause of insufficient erythropoiesis in children? a. Folic acid deficiency c. Hemoglobin abnormality b. Iron deficiency d. Erythrocyte abnormality 6. How does hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) cause acquired congenital hemolytic anemia? a. HDN develops when hypoxia or dehydration causes the erythrocytes to change shapes, which are then recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. b. HDN is an alloimmune disease in which the mother’s immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes, which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. c. HDN develops when the polycythemia present in fetal life continues after birth, causing the excessive number of erythrocytes to be removed from circulation. d. HDN is an autoimmune disease in which the fetus’s immune system produces antibodies against fetal erythrocytes, which are recognized as foreign and removed from circulation. 7. Erythroblastosis fetalis is defined as an: a. Allergic disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible b. Alloimmune disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible c. Autoimmune disease in immature nucleated cells that are released into the bloodstream d. Autosomal dominant hereditary disease 8. An infant’s hemoglobin must fall below g/dl before signs of pallor, tachycardia, and systolic murmurs occur. a. 11 c. 7 b. 9 d. 5 9. Which vitamin improves the absorption of oral iron taken to treat iron deficiency anemia in children? a. A c. C b. B d. E 10. Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) can occur if the mother: a. Is Rh-positive and the fetus is Rh-negative b. Is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive c. Has type A blood and the fetus has type O d. Has type AB blood and the fetus has type B 11. When diagnosed with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), why does the newborn develop hyperbilirubinemia after birth but not in utero? a. Excretion of unconjugated bilirubin through the placenta into the mother’s circulation is no longer possible. b. Hemoglobin does not break down into bilirubin in the intrauterine environment. c. The liver of the fetus is too immature to conjugate bilirubin from a lipid-soluble to water-soluble form. d. The destruction of erythrocytes producing bilirubin is greater after birth. 12. Fetuses who do not survive anemia in utero are usually stillborn with gross edema of the entire body. Which term is used to identify this condition? a. Spherocytosis c. Erythroblastosis fetalis b. Icterus gravis neonatorum d. Hydrops fetalis 13. What is the name of the disorder in which levels of bilirubin remain excessively high in the newborn and are deposited in the brain? a. Kernicterus c. Jaundice b. Icterus neonatorum [Show More]

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